Cumulative environmental effects of low salinity shrimp farming in Thailand

Szuster, Brian W.; Flaherty, Mark

doi:10.3152/147154602781766672

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As a consequence, some extensive shrimp farm developments have been abandoned (Dierberg and Kiattisimkul 1996) and environmental activists have criticized such occurrences, calling them 'slash-and-burn' exploitation or 'swidden aquaculture'. Where shrimp ponds have expanded into rice farms, salinization of soil and water is a major concern (Szuster and Flaherty, 2002). This is particularly detrimental when shrimp farms encroach on to the originally freshwater area as in Thailand, where rice farmers realized that the potentially high profits derived from shrimp production could easily offset the costs associated with trucking salt water to their land.…”

Section: Environmental Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land and water management in coastal zones: dealing with agriculture-aquaculture-fishery conflicts.

Gowing¹,

Tuong²,

Hoanh³

2006

Environment and Livelihoods in Tropical Coastal Zones: Managing Agriculture-Fishery-Aquaculture Conflicts

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The coastal environment has undergone rapid change in recent times. Change in the state of the environment is multifaceted, but a key concern is the way that natural habitats -principally mangrove forests and salt marshes -have been extensively cleared and converted to shrimp farming and other uses. The expansion of shrimp farming has also encroached onto agricultural lands. Coastal shrimp farming has been practised for a very long time in some countries as part of the traditional livelihood system, but recent strong demand in global markets, together with technological advances, has fuelled rapid expansion. These rapid, and generally unplanned changes, have provoked conflicts among the three dominant resource-dependent livelihoods in the inland coastal zone: agriculture, shrimp farming and fishing.The coastal zone is characterized by ambiguities of resource ownership and a complex web of interactions among people, resources and ecosystems. Conflicts exist between the drive for short-term financial gain and the desire for long-term sustainable development. Conflicts exist between the priorities of people who derive their livelihoods from aquaculture and those who depend upon agriculture. Conflicts exist between the needs of people who may gain from intensification of land use for agriculture and/or aquaculture and other people (e.g. fisherfolk), whose livelihoods may be adversely affected by environmental impacts. This synthesis chapter presents a discussion of trends, problems and approaches to managing change in the inland coastal zone. We identify key messages from previous research and development experience and consider the supporting evidence for these messages.

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Section: Environmental Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land and water management in coastal zones: dealing with agriculture-aquaculture-fishery conflicts.

Gowing¹,

Tuong²,

Hoanh³

2006

Environment and Livelihoods in Tropical Coastal Zones: Managing Agriculture-Fishery-Aquaculture Conflicts

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“…Thailand commenced cultivation of P. monodon in the early 1970s and quickly became one of the world leading countries with production reaching 280 000 tones in 2001. However, the production dramatically declined to approximately 25 000 tones in 2006 because of severe disease outbreak (Wyban 2007) and environmental deterioration caused by intensive culture system (Szuster & Flaherty 2002). This situation led to the use of inappropriate antibiotics and other disinfectants that contributed to the occurrence of multiple resistant antimicrobial agents of pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonas hydrophila , A. salmonicida, Edwardsiella tarda, E. ictaluri , Vibrio anguillarum, V. salmonicida, Pasteurella piscida and Yersinia ruckeri and food safety concerns (De Paola et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic bacteria effects on growth and bacterial composition of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

Boonthai

Vuthiphandchai

Nimrat

2011

Aquaculture Nutrition

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The effects of Bacillus probiotic forms on growth performance and microbiota were examined in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Shrimp were fed for 120 days with one of three diets; a control diet alone or supplemented with either probiotics consisting of live-sprayed Bacillus (LS) or freeze-dried Bacillus (FD). Culturable bacteria counts in the hepatopancreas, intestine and culture water of the three treatments were relatively constant during the experiment. Bacillus numbers in the hepatopancreas and intestines of probiotic-treated groups increased significantly (P < 0.05) after 30 treatment days and remained relatively constant afterwards while no appreciable changes occurred in the control. Shrimp supplemented with LS and FD contained significantly lower concentrations of Vibrio (P < 0.05) in the hepatopancreas, intestine and culture water, compared to those in the control group. Shrimp treated with LS and FD probiotic bacteria showed a significant improvement (P < 0.05) in specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE), compared to those of control group. Probiotic bacteria have the potential to enhance shrimp culture by reducing Vibrio and improving growth performance. KEY WORDS

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“…In response to growing demand, intensive shrimp farms have been implemented to increase mass productivity. Intensive shrimp production has produced significant shortterm profits for small-scale entrepreneurs; however, many shrimp farming practices have driven towards substantial financial and environmental risks and long-term sustainability [2]. Inadequate farming management and improper feeding strategies can lead to adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems and the farmed shrimp's health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing ecological-economic efficiency of intensive shrimp farm through in-out nutrient budget and feed conversion ratio

Chaikaew

Rugkarn

Pongpipatwattana

et al. 2019

Sustain Environ Res

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In aquaculture systems, insufficient nutrients impede shrimp growth while excessive amounts of nutrient inputs lead to environmental degradation and unnecessary high investment. A study of in-out nutrient budgets in an intensive Litopenaeus vannamei farm was conducted in this work to measure the amount of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) input and output from the system. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was obtained to determine the level of nutrient input performance. Between September and December 2017, monthly water and sediment samples were taken within one crop cycle. Nutrient concentrations in sediment and water increased over 90 days. The total nitrogen concentration in the pond water and effluents were in accordance with wastewater quality control for aquaculture; however, the total phosphorus concentration failed to meet the water quality control from the water input through the end of the crop cycle. The nutrient budget model showed that the input/output contained 107.8 kg N and 178.4 kg P. Most of the N input came from shrimp diets (80%) while most of the P came from fertilizer (57%). Both N (46%) and P (54%) mainly deposited in the sediment as an output process. The FCR of this farm is 2.0. Based on the 1.8 FCR scenario, this farm could reduce 147 kg of feed in total, which accounts for 9.04 kg N and 2.21 kg P reduction. The farmer could save $1027 USD crop − 1 ($1 USD = 32.7 baht), as well as reducing uneaten food at the bottom of the pond. This study offers a simple and straightforward model that can practically reduce environmental impacts and increase the profitability of farms.

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Cumulative environmental effects of low salinity shrimp farming in Thailand

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Land and water management in coastal zones: dealing with agriculture-aquaculture-fishery conflicts.

Land and water management in coastal zones: dealing with agriculture-aquaculture-fishery conflicts.

Probiotic bacteria effects on growth and bacterial composition of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

Enhancing ecological-economic efficiency of intensive shrimp farm through in-out nutrient budget and feed conversion ratio

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