Cumulative human impacts in the Bering Strait Region

Afflerbach, Jamie C.; Yocum, Dan; Halpern, Benjamin S.

doi:10.1080/20964129.2017.1379888

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Finally, this method frequently focuses on current stressors or a single time period, although temporal effects of seasonality are a step forward in addressing temporal complexity (Afflerbach et al. ; Andersen et al. ).…”

Section: Methods In Ceamentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating cumulative effects across ecological scales

Hodgson

Halpern

2018

Conservation Biology

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Species, habitats, and ecosystems are increasingly exposed to multiple anthropogenic stressors, fueling a rapidly expanding research program to understand the cumulative impacts of these environmental modifications. Since the 1970s, a growing set of methods has been developed through two parallel, sometimes connected, streams of research within the applied and academic realms to assess cumulative effects. Past reviews of cumulative effects assessment (CEA) methods focused on approaches used by practitioners. Academic research has developed several distinct and novel approaches to conducting CEA. Understanding the suite of methods that exist will help practitioners and academics better address various ecological foci (physiological responses, population impacts, ecosystem impacts) and ecological complexities (synergistic effects, impacts across space and time). We reviewed 6 categories of methods (experimental, meta-analysis, single-species modeling, mapping, qualitative modeling, and multispecies modeling) and examined the ability of those methods to address different levels of complexity. We focused on research gaps and emerging priorities. We found that no single method assessed impacts across the 4 ecological foci and 6 ecological complexities considered. We propose that methods can be used in combination to improve understanding such that multimodel inference can provide a suite of comparable outputs, mapping methods can help prioritize localized models or experimental gaps, and future experiments can be paired from the outset with models they will inform.

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Section: Methods In Ceamentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating cumulative effects across ecological scales

Hodgson

Halpern

2018

Conservation Biology

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“…Most CHI mapping in the marine realm has focused on broadscale quantification of human activities, having been applied globally (Halpern et al 2008(Halpern et al , 2019 or regionally (Selkoe et al 2009;Micheli et al 2013;Clarke Murray et al 2015;Afflerbach et al 2017). These maps are typically developed on a ≥1 km 2 grid, making it difficult to assess CE for individual habitats that occur over smaller spatial scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating anthropogenic thresholds to improve understanding of cumulative effects on seagrass beds

Murphy

Kelly

Lotze

et al. 2022

FACETS

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Cumulative human impact analysis is a promising management tool to estimate the impacts of stressors on ecosystems caused by multiple human activities. However, connecting cumulative impact scores to actual ecosystem change at appropriate spatial scales remains challenging. Here, we calculated cumulative effects (CE) scores for 187 seagrass beds in Atlantic Canada that accounts for both bay-scale and local-scale anthropogenic activities. We then developed a CE threshold to evaluate where degradation of seagrass beds from multiple human activities is more likely. Overall, the CE score was the best predictor of human impacts for seagrass beds. Locations with high watershed land alteration and nitrogen loading had the highest CE scores; however, we also identified seagrass beds with high CE scores in regions characterized by generally low levels of human activities. Forty-nine seagrass beds exceeded the CE threshold and, of these, 86% had CE scores that were influenced by three or more stressors that cumulatively amounted to a large score. This CE threshold approach can provide a simplified metric to identify areas where management of cumulative effects should be prioritized and further highlights the need to consider multiple human activities when assessing anthropogenic impacts to coastal habitats.

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“…Over past decades, the human uses of Arctic ecosystems have intensified due to multiple factors such as increased accessibility, particularly in regions that were previously ice-covered for large parts of the year (Anisimov et al, 2007 ). This expansion of human activity northwards alters highly sensitive Arctic ecosystems and, consequently, compromises the delivery of the ecosystem services they provide (Afflerbach et al, 2017 ; Huntington et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution in the Arctic Ocean: An overview of multiple pressures and implications for ecosystem services

Townhill

Reppas-Chrysovitsinos

Sühring

et al. 2021

Ambio

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The Arctic is undergoing unprecedented change. Observations and models demonstrate significant perturbations to the physical and biological systems. Arctic species and ecosystems, particularly in the marine environment, are subject to a wide range of pressures from human activities, including exposure to a complex mixture of pollutants, climate change and fishing activity. These pressures affect the ecosystem services that the Arctic provides. Current international policies are attempting to support sustainable exploitation of Arctic resources with a view to balancing human wellbeing and environmental protection. However, assessments of the potential combined impacts of human activities are limited by data, particularly related to pollutants, a limited understanding of physical and biological processes, and single policies that are limited to ecosystem-level actions. This manuscript considers how, when combined, a suite of existing tools can be used to assess the impacts of pollutants in combination with other anthropogenic pressures on Arctic ecosystems, and on the services that these ecosystems provide. Recommendations are made for the advancement of targeted Arctic research to inform environmental practices and regulatory decisions.

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Cumulative human impacts in the Bering Strait Region

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Investigating cumulative effects across ecological scales

Investigating cumulative effects across ecological scales

Incorporating anthropogenic thresholds to improve understanding of cumulative effects on seagrass beds

Pollution in the Arctic Ocean: An overview of multiple pressures and implications for ecosystem services

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