Cumulative phobic response to early traumatic attachment: Aspects of a developmental psychotherapy in midlife

Abstract

This paper is an attempt to look at the impact of early traumatic attachment and disorganized attachment system in the evolution and maintenance of phobic response. It will explore the way in which the therapeutic attachment relationship plays a core role in facilitating development that was obstructed in infancy, childhood and adolescence involving the integration of developmental issues and the undoing of the need for phobic response. The tenacity of the need for a good enough primary attachment figure and the impact of the search for one on development are starkly revealed in the therapeutic work.

Relationships Between State Anxiety and Reading Comprehension of Chinese Students With and Without Dyslexia: A Cross-Sectional Design

“…First, we aimed to compare the state anxiety of students with and without dyslexia at three age levels. Based on previous findings (e.g., Vas Dias, 2004; Weems, 2008), we speculate an increasing trend of state anxiety from middle primary school to secondary school for both children with and without dyslexia. However, given the relatively lower failure experience of reading typically developing students, the differences in state anxiety between primary school and secondary school students is more likely to be bigger because the cross-educational-level transitions could lead to an extra burden on their mental health (Weems & Costa, 2005).…”

“…Regarding anxiety that can develop when children with dyslexia experience increasing failures over time, the straightforward and rational hypothesis is that cumulative failure experiences can lead to long-term motivational and socioemotional effects (Ridsdale, 2004), as indicated in longitudinal studies (e.g., Copeland et al., 2014). Given the evidence above, it is reasonable to infer a cumulative effect of children’s anxiety as it continues to increase from early school age to later periods of life (Vas Dias, 2004). However, the current evidence for this hypothesis is thus far limited (e.g., Zbornik & Wallbrown, 1991), so additional evidence is needed.…”