Cumulative reproduction and survival costs in female red deer

Moyes, Kelly; Coulson, Tim; Morgan, Byron J. T.; Donald, Alison; Morris, Seán; Clutton‐Brock, Tim

doi:10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.15200.x

Cited by 67 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Various other measures of quality, for example, longevity or lifetime reproductive success, have been used in previous studies in this and other populations (Espie et al 2004;Blackmer et al 2005;Moyes et al 2006). However, lifetime performance measures are frequently highly correlated (Moyes et al submitted).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences, density dependence and offspring birth traits in a population of red deer

et al. 2008

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Variation between individuals is an essential component of natural selection and evolutionary change, but it is only recently that the consequences of persistent differences between individuals on population dynamics have been considered. In particular, few authors have addressed whether interactions exist between individual quality and environmental variation. In part, this is due to the difficulties of collecting sufficient data, but also the challenge of defining individual quality. Using a long-established study population of red deer, Cervus elaphus, inhabiting the North Block of the Isle of Rum, and three quality measures, this paper investigates how differences in maternal quality affect variation in birth body mass and date, as population density varies, and how this differs depending on the sex of the offspring and the maternal quality measure used. Significant interactions between maternal quality, measured as a hind's total contribution to population growth, and population density are reported for birth mass, but only for male calves. Analyses using dominance or age at primiparity to define maternal quality showed no significant interactions with population density, highlighting the difficulties of defining a consistent measure of individual quality.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences, density dependence and offspring birth traits in a population of red deer

et al. 2008

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“…As a consequence, reproductive success is expected to decrease future reproduction rather than maternal survival. Survival costs of reproduction are rarely detected in large mammals and then only in juveniles, old females, or in years of very harsh environmental conditions (Clutton-Brock et al 1983, Hamel et al 2010b, Moyes et al 2006, Tavecchia et al 2005. Instead of the expected negative correlation between current and future reproductive success, however, several studies found no or positive correlations (review in Hamel et al 2010b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the covariation between current and future reproductive success depends on the magnitude of both reproductive cost and individual heterogeneity (Wilson and Nussey 2009). Individual heterogeneity may depend on age (Jones et al 2008), early development (Lindström 1999) and environmental condition (Moyes et al 2006), therefore several environmental and individual variables must be accounted for to assess reproductive costs (Hamel et al 2010a). Reproductive costs are often more evident in light (Festa-Bianchet et al 1998, Hamel et al 2010a, primiparous (Green andRothstein 1991, Langvatn et al 2004), and old females (Clutton-Brock et al 1983) at high density or in harsh environments (Bérubé et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-specific reproductive success and cost in female Alpine ibex

et al. 2014

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In female mammals, reproduction requires high energy expenditure because of gestation and lactation, possibly leading to a fitness cost. Several studies, however, failed to find the expected negative correlation between current and future reproductive success, likely because of individual heterogeneity in reproductive potential. We compared reproductive performance and costs of reproduction for 40 female Alpine Ibex in one established population with 29 females translocated from the same population to a new colony. We investigate factors affecting pregnancy, fecundity and overwinter survival of juveniles, after accounting for individual heterogeneity. In both populations, prime-aged females experienced a strong reproductive cost. Senescent females, however, showed no evidence of reproductive costs. The colonizing population showed lower reproductive cost and better age-specific reproductive performance than the established population.We found a general pattern of low age-specific fecundity and reproductive success that was affected by environmental constraints. Age-specific reproductive success was unrelated to longevity.Although about 84% of adult females appeared to conceive, independently of environmental constraints, energy was allocated to reproduction in a highly conservative manner, leading to low age-specific fecundity (only 36 and 21% of prime-aged and senescent females were seen with a kid) but high kid survival (100% to weaning and 92% to 1 year). Our results suggest that females embarked in lactation only if they had a very high probability of raising their offspring. Our study highlights how reproductive performance and costs in this species vary with age and environment, and are the result of a highly conservative reproductive tactic.

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“…Elk that are in poor nutritional condition may be less alert, choose riskier habitats for foraging activity, and be less likely to flee from perceived threats. Similarly, gestation, parturition, and lactation impose high energetic demands on adult females and influence survival rates (Moyes et al 2006). Individual characteristics, including age and body condition, may influence survival of ungulates, with a potentially increased mortality risk for old or young age classes (Solberg et al 2000;DelGiudice et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Survival of Female Elk in a Harvested Population

Conard

Sandercock

Gipson

et al. 2012

Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management

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Understanding the influence of management actions and environmental conditions on demographic vital rates is important for effective conservation and management of wildlife populations. We used radio-telemetry to monitor annual and seasonal survival of 34 female elk Cervus elaphus at Fort Riley, Kansas in a 3.5-y field study (November 2003 to February 2007. We modeled the relationship between individual and environmental covariates and survival rates of female elk. We observed eight mortalities, and harvest was the primary cause of mortality in our study population. Annual survival rates of female elk in Kansas (0.76) were similar to other harvested populations of elk. Among the candidate model set, models that included age as a covariate were most supported. Parameter estimates from top models provided support for a slight negative relationship between age and survival. Monthly survival estimates during hunting season declined with age from 0.98 for 1.5-y-old females to 0.80 for 16.5-y-old females.

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Cumulative reproduction and survival costs in female red deer

Cited by 67 publications

References 40 publications

Individual differences, density dependence and offspring birth traits in a population of red deer

Individual differences, density dependence and offspring birth traits in a population of red deer

Age-specific reproductive success and cost in female Alpine ibex

Factors Influencing Survival of Female Elk in a Harvested Population

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