Cumulative teen birth rates among girls in foster care at age 17: An analysis of linked birth and child protection records from California

Putnam‐Hornstein, Emily; King, Bryn

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.021

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…While teen pregnancy is common among the foster youth population as a whole, some factors are more strongly associated with the risk of pregnancy. The highest occurrences of teen pregnancy have been observed among youth with a high number of placements, a history of running away, and experience with neglect (Putnam-Hornstein, & King, 2014). The experiences of foster youth, and the decreased likelihood of successful attachments, may limit their exposure to pregnancy prevention information (Svoboda et al, 2012).…”

Section: Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, foster youth who become pregnant as teenagers are at an elevated risk of a repeat pregnancy. Studies have found that teen motherhood increases the risk of a second pregnancy for foster youth anywhere from 40% to 81% (Dworsky & Courtney, 2010;Putnam-Hornstein, & King, 2014). Early motherhood can also act as a risk factor, interfering with the pursuit of higher education or employment, further increasing the likelihood of negative outcomes for foster youth.…”

Section: Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Defining Success: The Perspective of Emerging Adults with Foster Care Experience

Williams

2018

Journal of Social Service Research

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Youth with experience in the foster system are often more susceptible to negative outcomes in adulthood due to their high levels of cumulative risk. The present study sought out to redefine the concept of "success" from the perspective of emerging adults with experience in the foster care system and to identify patterns among the characteristics and behaviors of foster families that promote success as these young adults transition out of the foster care system and into adulthood. Participants most frequently defined "success" as achieving personal goals. Additionally, Support and Positive Identity were found to be the most influential Developmental Assets® promoted by family characteristics and behaviors. A greater awareness of the family factors emerging adults perceived to contribute to their success can be used to advise agencies, advocates, and parents, permitting them to be more intentional in promoting success, and maximizing opportunities for successful development in foster youth.

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Section: Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Success: The Perspective of Emerging Adults with Foster Care Experience

Williams

2018

Journal of Social Service Research

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“…Some have reported factors that are highly frequent in this subgroup, like adverse family background (often coupled with poverty), experiences or child maltreatment and characteristics of OHC environments. 8 Others have had a stronger focus on risk factors commonly found in studies of teenage childbirth among majority population peers, like school failure, intergenerational transmission of teenage parenthood, low family socioeconomic status and family disruption. 5 A national cohort study on the use of hormonal contraceptives showed that female child welfare clients had much higher usage rates up to age 17, in comparison with majority population peers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child welfare clients have higher risks for teenage childbirths: which are the major confounders?

Brännström

Vinnerljung

Hjern

2016

Eur J Public Health

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Background: Aiming to support effective social intervention strategies targeting high-risk groups for teenage motherhood, this study examined to what extent the elevated crude risks of teenage childbirth among child welfare groups were attributable to the uneven distribution of adverse individual and family background factors. Methods: Comprehensive longitudinal register data for more than 700 000 Swedish females born 1973–1989 (including around 29 000 child welfare clients) were analysed by means of binary logistic regression. The Karlson/Holm/Breen-method was used to decompose each confounding factor’s relative contribution to the difference between crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs). Results: Elevated crude risks for teenage childbirth are to a large extent attributable to selection on observables. Girls’ school failure was the most potent confounder, accounting for 28–35% of the difference between crude and adjusted ORs. Conclusion: As in majority populations, girls’ school failure was a strong risk factor for teenage childbirth among former child welfare children. At least among pre-adolescents, promoting school performance among children in the child welfare system seems to be a viable intervention path.

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“…Studies that used linked population‐level data and those that followed older youth in foster care through early adulthood have contributed to our nascent understanding of experiences in care that are associated with early childbirth. Their findings have shown that youth entering the foster care system during mid‐to‐late adolescence had increased rates of childbirth, and that shorter placements (i.e., less than 12 months) beginning during adolescence were associated with elevated birth rates among current and former foster youth . Adolescents who experienced placement instability—measured by the number of placement moves and a history of running away from placement—gave birth at higher rates than those with greater stability .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their findings have shown that youth entering the foster care system during mid‐to‐late adolescence had increased rates of childbirth, and that shorter placements (i.e., less than 12 months) beginning during adolescence were associated with elevated birth rates among current and former foster youth . Adolescents who experienced placement instability—measured by the number of placement moves and a history of running away from placement—gave birth at higher rates than those with greater stability . Findings regarding the impact of placement type have been inconsistent, with some studies showing a heightened risk of childbirth for youth in congregate care placements (e.g., group homes, shelters or residential facilities), compared with kin or guardianship placements, and other studies demonstrating a protective effect of placement in congregate care .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Childbirth Among Foster Youth: A Latent Class Analysis to Determine Subgroups at Increased Risk

King

Eastman²,

Grinnell-Davis

et al. 2019

Perspect Sexual Reproductive

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229CONTEXT: Research has documented elevated rates of early childbirth among adolescents who have spent time in foster care, and a better understanding is needed of the characteristics of vulnerable individuals and the circumstances of their time in care. METHODS:California birth records for 1999-2010 were probabilistically linked to state child welfare service records spanning the same date range to identify females aged 12-19 who had spent time in foster care and had had a first birth before age 20. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups based on age at most recent entry into care, length of this stay and three indicators of placement instability. The probability of a first birth being related to class membership was assessed as a distal outcome, and differences across classes were assessed using chi-square tests. RESULTS: Four distinct classes of foster youth were identified: Later Entry/High Instability (20% of individuals), Later Entry/Low Instability (43%), Earlier Entry/High Instability (12%) and Earlier Entry/Low Instability (25%). The probability of a first childbirth ranged from 31% (class 1) to 15% (class 4); classes 2 and 3 experienced moderate risk (23% and 24%, respectively). Two groups were further characterized by high rates of reentry into care, with 56% of class 1 and 41% of class 3 individuals experiencing more than one episode in care.CONCLUSIONS: Identifiable subgroups of female foster youth are at heightened risk of early childbirth and may benefit from early intervention, enhanced support and access to reliable, ongoing sexual and reproductive health care.

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Cumulative teen birth rates among girls in foster care at age 17: An analysis of linked birth and child protection records from California

Cited by 48 publications

References 23 publications

Defining Success: The Perspective of Emerging Adults with Foster Care Experience

Defining Success: The Perspective of Emerging Adults with Foster Care Experience

Child welfare clients have higher risks for teenage childbirths: which are the major confounders?

Early Childbirth Among Foster Youth: A Latent Class Analysis to Determine Subgroups at Increased Risk

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