“…NiO and CuO exhibit optical band gaps of 3.6–4eV and 1.2eV [ 20 ], respectively. Both serve as P-type semiconductors, offering versatile applications in sensors, optical devices, supercapacitors, transparent semiconducting layers, and antiferromagnetic films [ 21 ]. Metal oxides nanostructures, like CuO–NiO nanocomposites, offer distinctive magnetic, optical and molecular properties arising from the mixing of NiO and CuO phases.…”