Cup-to-disc and arteriole-to-venule ratios in preterm birth

Abstract

Aims To investigate the influence of preterm birth on the optic disc and retinal vessels by measurements of cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio and arteriole-to-venule (A/V) ratio. Methods Eighty-three eyes of 42 preterm births were included. In the age-and sexmatched control group, 83 eyes of 42 full-term births were used. Fundus color photographs were taken. ImageJ software was used to calculate C/D and A/V ratios from the fundus images.Results Fundus photographs were taken at 8.01 ± 2.22 years of age for the preterm group and 8.01 ± 2.13 years of age for the control group. The mean gestational age of the preterm group was 27 4 / 7 weeks (range, 24-34 weeks). The preterm group had significantly larger C/D ratio and smaller A/V ratio (mean ± standard deviation: 0.46 ± 0.12 and 0.59 ± 0.08, respectively) than the control group (0.36 ± 0.07 and 0.68 ± 0.07, respectively) after spherical equivalent refractive error was adjusted. Conclusions Preterm birth is significantly associated with larger C/D ratio and smaller A/V ratio. These findings show the effect of preterm birth on the development of optic disc and retinal vessel development.

A Case Report on Premature Twins: Primary Congenital Glaucoma or Large Cupping Disks Mimicking Primary Congenital Glaucoma?

“…Only optic disk appearance looks unlike normal baby in our cases. We searched previous studies in PubMed using the keywords "preterm infant" and "cup disk ratio" or "large cupping disk" or "large cup disk" and found 14 papers published between 1978 and 2018 [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Six papers reported that the C/D ratio is larger in premature infants than in full-term infants [4,5,7,9,10,15].…”

“…We searched previous studies in PubMed using the keywords "preterm infant" and "cup disk ratio" or "large cupping disk" or "large cup disk" and found 14 papers published between 1978 and 2018 [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Six papers reported that the C/D ratio is larger in premature infants than in full-term infants [4,5,7,9,10,15]. Three papers suggested that the C/D ratio is similar in preterm babies and full-term babies [3,6,8].…”

Assessing Agreement of Clinical Estimation of Vertical Optic Disc Cupping against Retcam Assessment in the Premature Neonate and Prospective Observation for Changes

“…The good survival rates among premature infants will result in increasing number of premature infants requiring further evaluation when an enlarged cup-disc-ratio was noted during Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) eye screening. Baseline values for infant Cup-Disc-Ratio (CDR) are available for premature infants but many were based on measurements taken when the children were older, except Park et al who reported on infants at 36 weeks [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The most convenient method for the examination of optic disc cupping is by clinical assessment as visualized by the binocular indirect ophthalmoscope [7].…”