Cupping of wooden cladding boards in cyclic conditions—a study of boards made of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris)

Virta, Jari; Koponen, Seppo; Absetz, Ilmari

doi:10.1007/s00226-005-0023-z

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Cupping appears when wood swells and creates tensile stresses at the convex surface and compressive stresses at the concave surface. To achieve better dimensional stability against cupping, a greater thickness of panels can be used [85]. In this study, it was shown that panels of 28 mm thick Norway spruce had a cupping curvature of 70% less than pine sapwood of 21 mm thickness.…”

Section: The Processing Of Woodmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Potential of Uncoated Norway Spruce as a Façade Material—A Review

Svensson Meulmann,

Sjökvist

2023

Forests

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This article reviews the potential of uncoated Norway spruce as a façade material. Aspects such as natural durability, permeability properties, impact of density, and product dimensions are discussed. The review concludes that a careful design of the product is needed due to the intrinsic properties of the spruce species. Natural photodegradation will occur but has been proven not to impact spruce to a greater degree than other species. The optimal choice for a Norway spruce panel would be made of heartwood without juvenile tissues, with a vertical growth ring orientation. The selection of density is, however, unclear since low density reduces crack formation but could facilitate favourable levels of moisture for fungal colonisation. Additionally, the width of the growth ring has an unpredictable effect on the formation of cracks when the effect of early and latewood interaction cooperates with the effect of density.

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Section: The Processing Of Woodmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Potential of Uncoated Norway Spruce as a Façade Material—A Review

Svensson Meulmann,

Sjökvist

2023

Forests

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“…White spruce deckboards here also cupped less than western hemlock deckboards. Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst), which is similar to white spruce, is preferred for exterior house siding in Europe because it cups and checks less than Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) siding [43,44]. This desirable property of spruce has been attributed to its impermeability resulting from high percentages of blocked (aspirated) bordered pits and small proportion of ray tracheids [44,45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst), which is similar to white spruce, is preferred for exterior house siding in Europe because it cups and checks less than Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) siding [43,44]. This desirable property of spruce has been attributed to its impermeability resulting from high percentages of blocked (aspirated) bordered pits and small proportion of ray tracheids [44,45]. Accordingly, it is possible that the lower checking and cupping of white spruce deckboards than western hemlock boards could be due to the lower permeability of the former species compared to western hemlock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Surface Micro Grooving to Reduce the Checking and Cupping of Douglas Fir, Western Hemlock and White Spruce Decking Exposed to Natural Weathering

Heshmati

Mazloomi

Evans

2018

JMMP

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Machining grooves into the surface of pine and fir (Abies spp.) deckboards reduces undesirable checking that develops when “profiled” boards are exposed to the weather. We aim to develop improved profiles for Douglas fir, western hemlock and white spruce decking to reduce their susceptibility to checking, and understand how profile geometry influences the stresses that cause checking. We varied the width and depth of grooves in profiled deckboards, exposed deckboards to the weather, and measured checking and cupping of boards. A numerical model examined the effect of groove depth on the moisture-induced stresses in profiled spruce boards. Profiling significantly reduced checking, but increased cupping of deckboards made from all three species. Western hemlock checked more than the other two species. Profiles with narrow grooves (rib profiles) were better at restricting checking than profiles with wider grooves. A rib profile with deeper grooves developed smaller stresses than a rib profile with shallower grooves, and boards with the former profile checked less than boards with shallower grooves. We conclude that checking of profiled Douglas fir, western hemlock and white spruce decking is significantly reduced by changing profile geometry, and our results suggest the best profiles to reduce checking of all three species.

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“…The reasons for investigating wood compression set and/or wood swelling stress are very different from one author to another: wood densification (Blomberg and Persson 2007), durability of wooden floors and structural elements (Perkitny 1961), wooden panels for buildings (Virta et al 2005) and conservation of wooden objects from cultural heritage (Hoadley 1995;Buck 1963). It is known that for a panel painting, the presence of a paint layer on one side only causes an asymmetric moisture exchange.…”

Section: Compression Set and Swelling Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

A hygro-mechanical analysis of poplar wood along the tangential direction by restrained swelling test

Mazzanti

Colmars²,

Gril³

et al. 2014

Wood Sci Technol

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International audienceA better understanding of the hygro-mechanical behaviour of poplar wood (Populus alba L.) is proposed by means of restrained swelling tests. Small clear specimens were tested along their tangential direction in controlled climatic conditions; a dry climate (30 % relative humidity and 30 °C temperature) and a humid one (80 % relative humidity and 30 °C temperature) were cyclically set and kept constant each during 7 days. In these conditions, three matched specimens were tested at the same time along the tangential direction: specimen A free to shrink and swell, specimen B free to shrink and prevented from swelling beyond its initial dimension, specimen C prevented from shrinking and swelling. A specific device was set up to monitor strain and/or stress on each specimen. During the adsorption phase, compression forces (on specimens B and C) were measured, and during the desorption step, compression set shrinkage (compression strain at zero load) and tension stress (on specimens B and C, respectively) were measured. In this paper, the dedicated experimental device is presented and a deep analysis of experimental curves is then proposed by means of a rheological approach. By the analysis, some basic data are obtained (swelling coefficient, swelling pressure and compression set shrinkage), and a complex behaviour of wood made of reversible and irreversible phenomena is characterized

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Cupping of wooden cladding boards in cyclic conditions—a study of boards made of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris)

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

The Potential of Uncoated Norway Spruce as a Façade Material—A Review

The Potential of Uncoated Norway Spruce as a Façade Material—A Review

Optimizing Surface Micro Grooving to Reduce the Checking and Cupping of Douglas Fir, Western Hemlock and White Spruce Decking Exposed to Natural Weathering

A hygro-mechanical analysis of poplar wood along the tangential direction by restrained swelling test

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