Cuprous Chloride as a New Cathode Material for Room Temperature Chloride Ion Batteries

Abstract

Chloride ion batteries (CIBs) are regarded as promising energy storage devices due to their high theoretical energy density, sustainability, and abundant resources. However, the development of CIBs is still limited by the proper cathode materials and electrolyte due to the dissolution issue of active material during the electrochemical reaction. Herein, a stable room temperature rechargeable CIB coupled with CuCl cathode in a tributylmethylammonium chloride based liquid electrolyte is reported. Chloride ion shuttle behavior is evidenced in two different cells, in which lithium foil, and CuCl are used as the anode and cathode, respectively. The CuCl cathode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 278 mAh g−1 and a reversible capacity of 70 mAh g−1 is still retained after 100 cycles at a current density of 5 mA g−1. This study indicates that CuCl would be a promising cathode for CIBs with good cycling stability.

High-throughput screening of stable layered anode materials A2TMO3Cl for chloride-ion batteries

“…Currently, the cathode and anode materials of CIBs are usually determined by their oxidized cations. The three commonly used cathode types (TMCl x , TMOCl and LDH) 29,40,60,61 generally contain transition metals. Their Cl − binding energies range from −0.33 to −1.42 eV.…”

Energy Applications of Ionic Liquids: Recent Developments and Future Prospects

“…Apart from the commercially available nickel-metal hydride and nickel-chromium batteries, which utilize OH – exchange between electrodes for charging and discharging, chloride-ion batteries and fluoride-ion batteries have gained widespread attention as new members of this family due to their potential advantages in theoretical volumetric energy densities and dendrite-free performance. ,, These batteries primarily achieve halogen ion insertion-extraction through redox reactions between metallic anodes and metal halides or metal oxide cathodes, and the versatile ionic liquids provide a convenient electrolyte platform for these emerging systems. For example, Liu et al designed a room-temperature rechargeable chloride-ion battery using CuCl as both anode and cathode, with [PP 14 ]­[Tf 2 N] dissolving [N 1444 ]Cl as a novel chloride-ion electrolyte to support chloride-ion transfer ([PP 14 ] + = 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium, [N 1444 ] + = tributylmethylammonium). Similar to IL electrolyte designs for other batteries, research has been conducted on directly integrating ionic liquids with charge carriers, in addition to using ionic liquids as solvents.…”

“…147,158,159 These batteries primarily achieve halogen ion insertion-extraction through redox reactions between metallic anodes and metal halides or metal oxide cathodes, and the versatile ionic liquids provide a convenient electrolyte platform for these emerging systems. For example, Liu et al 160 designed a room-temperature rechargeable chloride-ion battery using CuCl as both anode and cathode, with [PP 14 ][Tf 2 N] dissolving [N 1444 ]Cl as a novel chloride-ion electrolyte to support chloride-ion transfer ([PP 14 ] + = 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium, [N 1444 ] + = tributylmethylammonium). Similar to IL electrolyte designs for other batteries, research has been conducted on directly integrating ionic liquids with charge carriers, in addition to using ionic liquids as solvents.…”

FeOCl Nanoparticle-Embedded Mesocellular Carbon Foam as a Cathode Material with Improved Electrochemical Performance for Chloride-Ion Batteries

“…A variety of materials including metal chlorides, − metal oxychlorides, − chloride-doped conductive polymers, , polyxylylviologen chloride, and layered double hydroxides (LDHs) − have been explored as cathode materials for CIBs. Commercial metal chlorides (CoCl 2 , VCl 3 , BiCl 3 ) were employed as cathode materials to demonstrate proof of principle for CIBs .…”