“…The oxidation and reduction reactions observed in photocatalytic experiments can be significantly impacted by the presence of active species such as O 2 , OH•, and h* radicals, along with peroxide radicals. The trapping experiments aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the photocatalytic degradation process in the SiW 9 Ba 3 @SrFe 12 O 19 @CS binary nanostructure [ [34] , [35] , [36] ], focusing on the mechanisms involved (equations (4) , (5) , (6) , (7) , (8) , (9) , (10) , (11) , (12) , (13) , (14) , (15) , (16) , (17) , (18) , (19) , (20) , (21) )). …”