Curative impacts of squid (Loligosp.) ink extract on haemocyte, digestive enzymes andCypAgene expression of Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against white faeces syndrome (WFS)

Abstract

Right now, high economical value shrimp species is vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Salinity gives impact to shrimp live, immunity and health. Stress from salinity shock will reduce shrimp health and production because of pathogen attack. White faeces syndrome (WFS) is a shrimp disease which frequently occured in an intensive farm. Fighting against WFS has been done with several methods, among other things by using ink extract as metabolite product of squid (Loligo sp.) because of its antibacterial content. To solve the problem, combination of ink extract with salinity treatments to CypA gene expression THC, DHC and digestibility of vaname shrimp (L. vannamei) was investigated. The best treatment using squid ink extract was 27 ppt salinity for vaname shrimp (L. vannamei) against WFS, because it gave the highest SR (85.73%), increased protease until 378 × 10 −3 U/ml, amylase until 4.029 × 10 −3 unit/ml and lipase until 3.613 × 10 −3 unit/ml. and also non-specific immune, i.e. THC 11.89 × 10 6 cells/ml and DHC (hyaline was 39.09%, granular cell was 21.43% and semi-granular cell was 47.74%), while mutation (>1%) was happened in CypA gene.

Potensi Tinta Gurita (Octopus Sp.) Sebagai Imunostimulan Pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus Vannamei)

“…Cephalopoda yang di dalamnya termasuk cumi-cumi, sotong, dan gurita juga diketahui memiliki kemampuan antiviral yang dapat digunakan untuk melawan serangan virus yang umumnya terjadi pada tambak budidaya udang vaname. Tinta tersebut dapat digunakan untuk melawan White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) (Thang et al, 2019) dan White Faeces Syndrome (WFS) (Fadjar et al, 2020).…”

“…Melanin yang berasal dari tinta cumi-cumi dicampurkan ke dalam pakan udang dan memiliki kemampuan melindungi udang vaname dari serangan WSSV. Fadjar et al (2020) menambahkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak tinta cumi-cumi dengan dosis 8 ppm dalam salinitas 27 ppt untuk udang vaname (L. vannamei) terhadap serangan WFS memberikan SR tertinggi, peningkatan protease, amilase dan lipase serta imun non spesifik (THC dan DHC yaitu hialin, sel granular dan sel semi granular, sedangkan mutasi (>1%) terjadi pada gen CypA.…”

In Silico and In Vivo Potential of Fraction Red Betel Leaf as an Immunostimulant Agent in White-leg Shrimp

“…Herbal plants containing phenolic and flavonoid compounds have been reported to enhance innate immune in shrimp, such as the herbal plant zingerone, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Galla chinensis (Chang et al, 2012;Pan and Yan, 2020), Procambarus clarkia (Zhang et al, 2021) and Ocimum basilicum (Abdel-Tawwab et al, 2022). The immunity parameters with normal range in shrimp are total hemocyte count (THC) 4.10 -5.01 x 10 6 cell mL -1 , and differential hemocyte count (DHC), , and semi granular cells (45.03-50.85%) (Fadjar et al, 2020).…”