Curcumin ameliorates duodenal toxicity of AFB1 in chicken through inducing P-glycoprotein and downregulating cytochrome P450 enzymes

Abstract

It has been reported that oral intake of aflatoxin B1 ( AFB1 )-contaminated feed could cause acute, sub-chronic, or chronic toxicity in livestock and poultry. However, the harmful effect of AFB1 on the small intestine is still controversial. Therefore, blocking the entry of AFB1 into the body through the digestive tract is one of the important methods to prevent its toxicity. In the present study, 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 6 groups including control group, curcumin control group (450 mg curcumin/kg feed), curcumin low-, medium-, and high-dose group (150, 300, and 450 mg curcumin/kg feed + 5 mg AFB1/kg feed), and AFB1 group (5 mg AFB1/kg feed). After 28 d, the samples of chickens' duodenums were collected for further analyses. AFB1 caused abnormal functional and morphological changes in the duodenum, including histological lesions, increased the length of the duodenum and depth of crypt, decreased the unit weight of the duodenum, height of villus, and the value of villus height/crypt depth. Meanwhile, AFB1 administration enhanced malonaldehyde activity, 8-HOdG level, and the mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 ( CYP450 ) enzymes, and reduced superoxide dismutase, catalase, adenosine triphosphatase ( ATPase ) activity and the mRNA expression of Abcb1 . Importantly, curcumin supplementation partially ameliorated AFB1-induced abnormal functional and morphological signs of the duodenum, alleviated AFB1-induced oxidative stress, and decreased the mRNA expression of CYP450 enzymes. Furthermore, curcumin ameliorated AFB1-induced decrease in the Abcb1 mRNA expression, P-glycoprotein ( P-gp ) level, and ATPase activities. It has been suggested from these results that curcumin supplementation in the feed could ameliorate AFB1-induced duodenal toxicity and damage through downregulating CYP450 enzymes, promoting ATPase activities, and inducing P-gp in chickens.

Does Bentonite Cause Cytotoxic and Whole-Transcriptomic Adverse Effects in Enterocytes When Used to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Exposure?

“…Among the triad of genes coding for antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, CAT and GPX), CAT expression was also influenced by AFB1. This gene is down-regulated, in agreement with other authors who described a reduced catalase activity after AF exposure on mice brain, piglet mesenteric lymph nodes and chicken duodenal tissue [87][88][89].…”

Alleviation of Oral Exposure to Aflatoxin B1-Induced Renal Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Cell Apoptosis in Mice Kidney by Curcumin

“…These studies present evidence in support of the use of curcumin as a protective antioxidant. Moreover, curcumin has also been demonstrated to ameliorate AFB1-induced duodenal toxicity and liver injury by downregulating CYP450 enzyme activity and regulating hepatic long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Curcumin Supplementation Protects Broiler Chickens Against the Renal Oxidative Stress Induced by the Dietary Exposure to Low Levels of Aflatoxin B1

“…No other major mycotoxin (i.e., ochratoxin A, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and zearalenone) was detected in the BD at levels higher than the LOD of the analytical method ( 28 ). CUR was added to the basal diet in the form of food grade turmeric powder ( Curcuma longa ) (Biorama, Rogeno—LC, Italy), containing 2.5% curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin, and bis-desmethoxycurcumin (85/10/5), to reach the concentration of 400 mg/kg feed, according to previous studies ( 29 , 30 ). To allow homogeneity in the feed, CURC was dissolved in soybean oil (0.6 kg) prior to mixing all feed ingredients.…”