Cure of Rhizopus Sinusitis in a Liver Transplant Recipient with Liposomal Amphotericin B

Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis in the Era of Lipid‐Based Amphotericin B: Case Report and Literature Review

“…Similar findings have been reported with other lipid preparations of amphotericin B. 21,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] In all of these case series, aggressive surgery was considered a component of therapy.…”

Zygomycetes in Human Disease

“…Experimentally, when rabbits were infected by nasal instillation of a spore solution, they developed upper and lower respiratory disease with subsequent spread to the central nervous system (32,382,485). Inhalation of spores in dust likewise provides the exposure seen in the allergic interstitial pneumonitis or alveolitis syndrome seen in employees of both the malt and lumber industries (12,34,333,509) and in outbreaks of rhinocerebral or pulmonary zygomycosis linked to excavation, construction, or contaminated air conditioning filters (113,151,271,313).…”

“…Rhizopus sinusitis has also been linked to sniffing garden compost to assess its state of decomposition. Both the compost pile and clinical specimens from a patient's sinuses contained identical strains of R. arrhizus (313).…”

“…Leukemia (237,271,279,299,356), lymphoma (199), other hematologic malignancies (102,374,500), and organ or bone marrow transplantation, with their accompanying immunosuppressive regimens (188,235,308,313,330,425,440,511) have likewise been associated with Rhizopus infections. Many cases have described the use of steroids or broad-spectrum antibiotics as additional risk factors (213,215,308).…”

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Therapy with amphotericin B lipid complex

“…3 (2) 4(1) 2(1) 2(2) 3 (1) 3 (1) 1 (1) 4(3) 1(0) 5(1) 33 (17) "Numbers in parentheses are numbers of survivors. Some patients were described twice7": the numbers for Ferguson et als do not include those already reported by Gamba et al 7 The patients described by Ferry and Abedi'6 were excluded, since they were already described by Abedi et al 5 itis (Figure, bottom right).…”