Cure simulation with resistively in situ heated CFRP molds: Implementation and validation

Weiland, J.S.; Hartmann, Mathias; Hinterhölzl, Roland

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.10.020

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…resin transfer moulding (RTM) or Out-of-Autoclave manufacturing processes or within an autoclave to support regions in which the air flow cannot properly reach the part leading to low convective heat transfer. 1,2 Self-heated tools offer a direct heat introduction and, thus, low thermal lag as well as a low overall energy consumption in comparison to traditional methods like autoclave processing. 3 Besides standard aluminum or steel alloys other tool materials with certain advantages, such as invar or carbon fibrereinforced polymers (CFRP), featuring low thermal tool expansion, are used.…”

Section: Context and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it has been shown in a previous work that the resulting tool temperature field in one heating zone can be inhomogeneous and, thus, can deviate significantly from set-point temperature at locations afar from the control thermocouple in the considered zone. 1 Homogeneous resin cure is sought in composite processing to reach low residual stresses and processinduced deformation in the final part. [7][8][9][10][11] Given that resin cure is driven by the resin temperature profile, a homogeneous temperature field within the part is targeted.…”

Section: Context and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A numerical method for an inclusion of resistively heated tool behaviour was developed and validated in a previous work for self-heated CFRP tools with one heating zone. 1 Whereas in case of the previously studied CFRP tool the heating element was embedded in the tool laminate itself, the utilized TCX TM heating system features a slightly different setup and completely different tool material in aluminum. Thus, prior to the development of the dimensioning strategy, the applicability of the numerical method from literature is investigated by a numerical study of the main assumption of this method: the homogenization of discrete heating elements into a heating surface with constant power introduction in the area.…”

Section: Modelling Temperature Controlled Heat Zones Within a Cure Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, prior to the development of the dimensioning strategy, the applicability of the numerical method from literature is investigated by a numerical study of the main assumption of this method: the homogenization of discrete heating elements into a heating surface with constant power introduction in the area. The method itself is shown in Weiland et al 1 and will thus be only presented in brief.…”

Section: Modelling Temperature Controlled Heat Zones Within a Cure Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal dimensioning of manufacturing moulds with multiple resistively heated zones for composite processing

Weiland

Hubert

Hinterhölzl

2017

Journal of Composite Materials

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Multi-zonal, electrically heated moulds for composite processing offer the potential of a direct heat introduction with low thermal lag and high energy efficiency. However, appropriate thermal dimensioning of these tools requires the consideration of the thermal response of the tool itself as well as the thermal and cure behaviour of the part, which is to date mostly estimated based on experience. To realize the full potential of this tool class, a numerical method is presented to determine a sound partitioning of the designated heating area utilizing 3D finite element cure simulation. Further, a cure simulation model of an application case is set up and validated. The capability of the numerical method to significantly increase the temperature accuracy and the degree of cure homogeneity are demonstrated in an evaluation of the numerically improved application case. Finally, the effect of the tool material on the zone allocations and temperature accuracy is studied.

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Section: Context and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Context and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelling Temperature Controlled Heat Zones Within a Cure Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelling Temperature Controlled Heat Zones Within a Cure Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Thermal dimensioning of manufacturing moulds with multiple resistively heated zones for composite processing

Weiland

Hubert

Hinterhölzl

2017

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…• Discussion how to get uniformity of the curing process was reported in [4] by numerical example of 3D simulations taking into account heat from the exothermic curing reactions and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) mold heating. In order to model heat transfer from the curing plate to environment during curing a convection coefficient of 21 W/mK was used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Conjugate Simulation for Determination of Temperature and Stress Distributions During Curing Process of Pre-Impregnated Composite Fibers

Golewski

Sadowski

2017

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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The composites made of continuous fibers in the form of unidirectional and fabric prepregs are widely used in many fields of engineering for the production of lightweight and durable parts or whole structures. To achieve this, we not only need to possess knowledge of the composite mechanics, but also have to master the technology. In most cases, particularly for parts with advanced geometric shapes, autoclaving technique is used. The success of the carried out process occurs when the prepreg reaches the proper temperature throughout its volume in the specified time, where there are no overheated or unheated zones as well as when the prepreg is correctly pressed against the mold. In order to ensure adequate stiffness, the mold has much greater thickness than formed composite and the stiffening ribs. The result is that the time required for prepreg heating is greatly extended. To prevent this, the appropriate electric heaters embedded in the silicone grips are used.The paper presents problems related to the mold structures and application of numerical methods aiming at early verification of the temperature and stress distribution. The coupled analysis of CFD (computational fluid dynamic) and heat transfer structural simulations were performed in Abaqus program. The studies were carried out for the airfoil fragment. A total of 12 simulations were conducted, 6 cases in which heat was supplied only from air flowing through the autoclave and 6 cases which included heaters inside the silicone grips. In the result the inhomogeneity of prepreg heating for each of the mold geometry was compared, and the average temperature was obtained after 60 seconds from the process initiation. Both the pressure inside the silicone grips (before inserting the mold into the autoclave) and the non-uniform temperature distribution result in the formation of stresses whose values were analyzed for molds made of aluminum. For this purpose the temperature dependent elastic -plastic material model was used for aluminum molds.

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Coupled filling-curing simulation and optimized design of cure cycle in liquid composite molding

Yang,

Liu,

Jia

et al. 2024

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Cure simulation with resistively in situ heated CFRP molds: Implementation and validation

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Thermal dimensioning of manufacturing moulds with multiple resistively heated zones for composite processing

Thermal dimensioning of manufacturing moulds with multiple resistively heated zones for composite processing

Application of Conjugate Simulation for Determination of Temperature and Stress Distributions During Curing Process of Pre-Impregnated Composite Fibers

Coupled filling-curing simulation and optimized design of cure cycle in liquid composite molding

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