Curing and thermal degradation reactions of Nano-Alumina filled natural rubber latex foams

Raveshtian, Amin; Fasihi, Mohammad; Norouzbeigi, Reza; Rasouli, Sajad

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2021.179108

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, to measure the swelling level in the SBR/BR‐SiC samples, the swelling ratio ( S r ) was determined for all the samples via the following equation 54 :

S_{normalr} = \frac{m_{normale} - m_{normali}}{m_{i}} .

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the addition of 5 phr SiC to the compound, a further increment of SiC (5 phr < SiC content < 12.5 phr) led to a reduction in the crosslinking degree significantly because of the SiC agglomeration (see Figure 2). This phenomenon causes a decrease in the particle performance because the surface area of the SiC reduces with particle agglomeration 54 . On the other side, the further increment of the filler by 15 phr caused a higher value for CD because the amount of SiC in the composite at a higher level (15 phr) overcame the influence of SiC agglomeration and caused the domination of SiC content to the decrement of the particle surface area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The terms of T and R indicate the temperature and gas constant (8.314 J/mol K), respectively. Furthermore, to measure the swelling level in the SBR/BR-SiC samples, the swelling ratio (S r ) was determined for all the samples via the following equation 54 :…”

Section: Crosslink Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon causes a decrease in the particle performance because the surface area of the SiC reduces with particle agglomeration. 54 On the other side, the further increment of the filler by 15 phr caused a higher value for CD because the amount of SiC in the composite at a higher level (15 phr) overcame the influence of SiC agglomeration and caused the domination of SiC content to the decrement of the particle surface area. Although the SiC particles were agglomerated, the increase in the filler content has generally led to an increase in the contact area of more SiCs with the media (at 15 phr of SiC).…”

Section: Crosslink Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Improving the mechanical properties and curing characteristics of styrene‐butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber composites by incorporating silicon carbide

Zabihi,

Fasihi,

Rasouli

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermal conductive filler, silicon carbide (SiC), has been investigated for its effects on the mechanical properties, microstructural properties, physical properties, and kinetic characteristics of styrene‐butadiene‐rubber/butadiene rubber (SBR/BR). SBR/BR‐SiC's tensile strength, strain at break, and toughness were improved by 5 phr SiC content within the composite. Specifically, there was a 44% increase in tensile strength, a 51% increase in strain at break, and impressive 113% increase in toughness. Additionally, there was a notable reduction of approximately ~15% in the compression set. The calculated crosslink density using the Flory–Rehner equation proved that the SiC filler increased the covalent bonds between the polymer chains during the curing reaction. The rheometry results showed a reduction in the scorch and optimum curing times by ~10% via the incorporation of SiC. The addition of 5 phr SiC decreased the curing duration time by 47%. The scanning electron microscopy images taken from the samples at different magnifications showed that the particle agglomeration after SiC = 5 phr was the main factor in reducing the SiC performance in the composite.Highlights Tensile properties of SBR/BR were improved with high thermal conductive SiC. SiC accelerated the rate of vulcanization reaction of SBR/BR. The crosslink density was maximized with the addition of SiC to the compound. Better heat transfer by SiC led to a reduction in the energy consumption of curing. Thermal diffusivity was raised with the addition of SiC to the compound.

show abstract

“…Furthermore, to measure the swelling level in the SBR/BR‐SiC samples, the swelling ratio ( S r ) was determined for all the samples via the following equation 54 :

S_{normalr} = \frac{m_{normale} - m_{normali}}{m_{i}} .

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crosslink Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crosslink Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Improving the mechanical properties and curing characteristics of styrene‐butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber composites by incorporating silicon carbide

Zabihi,

Fasihi,

Rasouli

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The vulcanization reaction rate during the curing process is defined via the following equation 43 : where dα / dt and dH ( t ) /dt are the vulcanization and heat flow rates, respectively. In general, most vulcanization kinetics are defined via the following equation 44 : where A and E a are the pre-exponential factor and activation energy, respectively. Also, the well-known parameters of R (8.3144 J/mol K) and T are the gas constant and absolute temperature, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic effect of high thermal conductive SiC on the kinetics and thermodynamics of vulcanization reaction of SBR/BR-filled nano-SiC

Rasouli,

Zabihi,

Fasihi

2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nano-silicon carbide (SiC) as a high thermal conductive material with an intrinsic thermal conductivity of ~ 490 W/m K was used to improve the cure characteristics, kinetics, and thermodynamics of curing reaction of styrene-butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber (SBR/BR) compounds. The considerations were carried out by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results revealed that the presence of SiC shifted the peak and end temperatures of the curing peak to lower temperatures. The calculated activation energy of the curing reaction based on the Kissinger approach showed a descent from 409.8 to 93.8 kJ/mol by adding SiC from 0 to 7.5 phr (part per hundred rubber). Moreover, the obtained Gibbs free energy variation and equilibrium constant of the curing reaction proved that the reaction was absolutely forced and irreversible, which can be increasingly characterized as a one-way process. According to the results, SiC accelerated the curing reaction because of the increment of heat transfer into the compound. This phenomenon caused the increment of enthalpy variation of the vulcanization reaction, particularly at the SiC content of 5 phr. The achieved kinetic parameters via fitting an autocatalytic model based on the Sestàk–Berggren model by the Màlek method to describe the kinetics of the curing reaction indicated that the SiC filler had a catalytic effect on the curing reaction of SBR/BR-SiC, particularly after 2.5 phr of the filler.

show abstract

Effect of Egg White Protein and Water Content on the Stabilization Mechanisms of Natural Rubber Latex Foams Obtained from Microwave Radiation

Amezúa‐Arranz,

Salmazo,

López‐Gil

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The global plastic consumption, as one of the paramount concerns of our society, open new paths of investigation in green materials. This study presents our contribution to the field with the obtention of natural rubber latex foams using egg white powder as bio stabilizing agent. The route followed to develop these samples is based on a two‐step process, a previous aeration, followed by microwave dehydration. This synthesis route is greener and eco‐friendlier than conventional ones due to the use of biobased bulk materials, the utilisation of microwave radiation which reduces the energy consumption in comparison with conventional heating methods and the elimination of the vulcanization process typically used when producing latex foams. In this work a deep study of the effect of egg white protein on natural rubber latex foams obtained at three water content levels (i.e. 40, 70, 90 phr) is carried out. The density and cellular structure parameters are measured for the formulations of liquid and solid foams which led to stable final samples in order to comprehend the stabilization mechanisms due to the presence of the egg white and the effect of water content in these systems. With the route developed in this research it has been possible to produce open cell natural rubber latex foams with densities as low as 53 kg/m3 and cell sizes as low as 114 µm.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

show abstract

Curing and thermal degradation reactions of Nano-Alumina filled natural rubber latex foams

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Improving the mechanical properties and curing characteristics of styrene‐butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber composites by incorporating silicon carbide

Improving the mechanical properties and curing characteristics of styrene‐butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber composites by incorporating silicon carbide

Catalytic effect of high thermal conductive SiC on the kinetics and thermodynamics of vulcanization reaction of SBR/BR-filled nano-SiC

Effect of Egg White Protein and Water Content on the Stabilization Mechanisms of Natural Rubber Latex Foams Obtained from Microwave Radiation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About