Curing kinetics study of melamine–urea–formaldehyde resin/liquefied wood

Poljanšek, Ida; Likozar, Blaž; Čuk, Nataša; Kunaver, Matjaž

doi:10.1007/s00226-012-0503-x

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…20 The liquefied wood was added to the MUF resin precursor to reduce the extent of formaldehyde emission and cost. The MUF/liquefied wood resin exhibited a very complicated curing mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Biobased Melamine Formaldehyde Resins from Bark Extractives

Chai

Zhao

Yan

2014

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In this study, bark alkaline extractives from the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) infested lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) was used to partially replace 30 wt % of melamine in formulating the biobased bark extractive−melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin. Results showed that the addition of the bark extractives and the type of solvent system used for resin formulation significantly affected the initial molecular weight, molecular structure, viscosity, curing behavior, postcuring thermal stability, and bonding performance of the resulting resins. The bark extractive−MF resins exhibited similar dry and wet bonding strengths to the laboratory made control MF resins formulated in the same type of solvent system. The liquid-state 13 C NMR study showed that bark extractives were reactants and incorporated into the resulting biobased MF resin structures. Bark extractives obtained from the mountain pine beetle infested lodgepole pine showed promise as a suitable partial replacement for melamine in MF resin formulations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Biobased Melamine Formaldehyde Resins from Bark Extractives

Chai

Zhao

Yan

2014

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…. Recently, melamine‐modified UF resin draws more attention to the preparation of novel resin with liquefied wood with MUF and self‐healing MUF microcapsules, and performance improvement by modifying resin with poly(amidoamine)s dendrimers, PolyFox PF‐151N polymer, mimosa tannin resin, and nanoclay …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different catalysts on urea–formaldehyde resin synthesis

Sun

Hse

Shupe

2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Four catalysts (H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4, and NaOH/NH4OH) were studied in the preparation of melamine modified urea–formaldehyde (UFM) resins. 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of the UFM resins at different synthesis stages revealed the polymer structure and detailed reaction mechanism. Three acidic catalysts (H2SO4, HCl, and H3PO4) enhanced the resin polymerization through the formation of various contents of methylene, ether linkages, and urons. H3PO4 yielded the most terminal ether linkages at the first stage and enhanced polycondensation by depleting all free urea and glycols to form the most linear methylene linkages NHCH2NH in the end. However, at the initial synthesis stage, NaOH/NH4OH catalyzed the formation of UFM prepolymer to a limited extent with a large amount of free urea left, and therefore produced the final polymer with relatively more substituted methylolureas and linear ether linkages. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40644.

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“…The reason for reduced reaction enthalpy and therefore lower degree of cross-linking might be the fact that with increasing LW content in an adhesive mixture MF content and consequently the extent of MF cross-linking reactions per overall mixture is lowered. [35] Furthermore, LW is less reactive than MF resin adhesive and when introduced into the adhesive mixture it might act as filler which represents a barrier for MF functional groups to react and form crosslinked structure. We also observed that at lower additions of LW peaks were taller and narrower, which could imply that the adhesive cured more completely on smaller temperature range.…”

Section: Particleboard Production and Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of liquefied wood modified melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin adhesive and its application for bonding particleboards

Čuk¹,

Kunaver²,

Poljanšek³

et al. 2015

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology

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In this study, we modified melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin adhesive with liquefied wood (LW) and determined the properties of MF-LW adhesive mixtures. Furthermore, we produced particleboards using prepared MF-LW mixtures and evaluated their mechanical and physical properties. Results showed that with increasing content of LW in the adhesive mixture gel time and peak temperature increased while reaction enthalpy decreased. With increasing substitution of MF resin adhesive with LW the thermal stability of adhesive mixture reduced, namely thermal degradation started at lower temperature and weight loss increased. Properties of particleboards improved with increasing amount of LW in the adhesive mixture up to 20% and then deteriorated. Nevertheless, the properties of particleboard with 30% LW in the adhesive mixture were comparable to the properties of particleboard without LW while they worsen at greater portion of LW. Consequently, MF resin adhesive with 30% LW substitution could be used to produce particleboards with suitable mechanical properties and reduced formaldehyde release content.

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Curing kinetics study of melamine–urea–formaldehyde resin/liquefied wood

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of Biobased Melamine Formaldehyde Resins from Bark Extractives

Synthesis and Characterization of Biobased Melamine Formaldehyde Resins from Bark Extractives

Effect of different catalysts on urea–formaldehyde resin synthesis

Properties of liquefied wood modified melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin adhesive and its application for bonding particleboards

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