Curiosity in childhood and adolescence — what can we learn from the brain

Gruber, Matthias J.; Fandakova, Yana

doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.03.031

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This study aimed to investigate the relationships between exposure to pro and anti-tobacco media messages and events, and the smoking behaviour of adolescents (11–17 years) in Gambia, a West African country, characterised by a notably high incidence of adolescent smoking [ 4 , 25 ]. The use of multivariable logistic regression in assessing this objective has facilitated a comprehensive understanding of the various factors significantly associated with smoking behaviour within this adolescent demographic, providing invaluable insights essential for addressing adolescent smoking behaviour in Gambia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour among adolescents in Gambia

Addo,

Acquah,

Nyarko

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Background Despite the widespread prevalence of adolescent smoking in Gambia, a West African country, there is limited research exploring the relationships between exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour among young people. This study investigates the interplay of these exposures and smoking behaviour among 11-17-year-old adolescents in Gambia. Methods Secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2017 Gambia Global Youth and Tobacco Survey (GYTS), which included a total of 9,127 respondents. Descriptive and inferential analyses, including proportions, Pearson’s chi-squared tests, and multivariable logistic regression models, were employed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The final model revealed significant associations between exposure to anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour. Adolescents exposed to anti-tobacco media messages had a 29% increased odds of smoking (aOR 1.29,CI = 1.08,1.53) compared to those unexposed, while exposure to anti-tobacco media events showed a 31% increased odds (aOR 1.31,CI = 1.09,1.59) compared to those unexposed. Exposure to pro-tobacco messages, such as witnessing tobacco use on TV (aOR 1.41, CI = 1.17,1.69) and owning objects with tobacco brand logos (aOR 1.49,CI = 1.19,1.86), was associated with higher odds of smoking. Covariates, including sex, age, and exposure to smoking behaviour by significant others, also demonstrated associations with smoking behaviour. Notably, male respondents showed significantly higher odds of smoking (aOR = 4.01,CI = 3.28,4.89) compared to females. Respondents aged 15 years and older had increased odds of smoking (aOR = 1.47,CI = 1.22,1.76) compared to those below 15 years old. Those whose fathers smoke displayed higher odds of smoking (aOR = 1.35, CI = 1.04,1.76) compared to individuals with non-smoking parents. Additionally, those whose closest friends smoke showed remarkably higher odds of smoking (aOR = 2.87,CI = 2.37, 3.48) compared to those without such influence. Conclusion This study underscores the significant impact of exposure to both anti-tobacco and pro-tobacco media messages and events on smoking behaviour among adolescents in Gambia. However, pro-tobacco messages had a greater influence on smoking prevalence than anti-tobacco messages and events. Understanding these associations is crucial for devising effective public health interventions aimed at reducing tobacco use in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour among adolescents in Gambia

Addo,

Acquah,

Nyarko

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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“…For example, exposure to strong and repetitive auditory stimuli in 5–7‐month‐old infants results in heightened activity in the temporal lobe, which is linked to attention, memory, and ultimately, curiosity (Emberson et al ., 2017). Furthermore, the prefrontal cortex is crucial for attentional control, exploration, and processing of sensory information in infants and this brain region has been associated with perceptual curiosity, as it undergoes significant development during the early years of life (Gruber & Fandakova, 2021). 8‐month‐old babies who were presented with novel stimuli showed greater activity in the prefrontal cortex, which also suggests behavioural support for this assumption (Werchan et al ., 2016).…”

Section: Curiosity Beyond Linguistic Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

A transdisciplinary view on curiosity beyond linguistic humans: animals, infants, and artificial intelligence

Forss,

Ciria,

Clark

et al. 2024

Biological Reviews

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Curiosity is a core driver for life‐long learning, problem‐solving and decision‐making. In a broad sense, curiosity is defined as the intrinsically motivated acquisition of novel information. Despite a decades‐long history of curiosity research and the earliest human theories arising from studies of laboratory rodents, curiosity has mainly been considered in two camps: ‘linguistic human’ and ‘other’. This is despite psychology being heritable, and there are many continuities in cognitive capacities across the animal kingdom. Boundary‐pushing cross‐disciplinary debates on curiosity are lacking, and the relative exclusion of pre‐linguistic infants and non‐human animals has led to a scientific impasse which more broadly impedes the development of artificially intelligent systems modelled on curiosity in natural agents. In this review, we synthesize literature across multiple disciplines that have studied curiosity in non‐verbal systems. By highlighting how similar findings have been produced across the separate disciplines of animal behaviour, developmental psychology, neuroscience, and computational cognition, we discuss how this can be used to advance our understanding of curiosity. We propose, for the first time, how features of curiosity could be quantified and therefore studied more operationally across systems: across different species, developmental stages, and natural or artificial agents.

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“…In these works, children and adults are considered as two distinct populations, since their ways of thinking are specific. The child indeed has different capacities from those of the adult in terms of attention, understanding or even memorization and as such, it is important to consider him as such, without defining him as an incomplete adult [4]. In these approaches, the child is considered in research as a modest object which can not or only very little contribute to our understanding of adult cognition.…”

Section: Rationality Of Children's Choicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Environment of Childhood and Adolescence In the Economic Decisions of Adults

2023

Ipek Yolu

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Curiosity in childhood and adolescence — what can we learn from the brain

Cited by 18 publications

References 72 publications

Exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour among adolescents in Gambia

Exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour among adolescents in Gambia

A transdisciplinary view on curiosity beyond linguistic humans: animals, infants, and artificial intelligence

The Role of the Environment of Childhood and Adolescence In the Economic Decisions of Adults

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