Current achievements and the future direction of electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction: A short review

Lee, Mi-Young; Park, Ki Tae; Lee, Wonhee; Lim, Hyungseob; Kwon, Young-Hyuk; Kang, Seoktae

doi:10.1080/10643389.2019.1631991

Cited by 137 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…Efficiency was calculated for varying oscillation amplitudes of 0.0-1.0 eV at 10 Hz frequency using square, sine, and triangle waveforms (44) . Square waveform dynamics were again most efficient, and efficiencies of 30-40% were achieved once amplitudes of >0.2 eV were applied.…”

Section: Forced Catalytic Dynamics -Tunable Surface Species Forced Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For catalysts under kinetic control, 80% selectivity indicates that the desired reaction is only four times faster than undesired pathways. Moreover, there exist hundreds of potential catalytic technologies such as direct methane oxidation to methanol (42) , CO 2 conversion to methanol or ethylene (43,44) , and hydrogen peroxide formation from oxygen and hydrogen (45,46,47) that are not yet sufficiently selective for economic feasibility. Increasing the kinetic ratio of desirable-to-side-reaction rates by orders of magnitude to achieve nearly perfect product selectivity (>99%) for most chemicals will require a completely different approach to catalyst design.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Catalytic Mechanics of Dynamic Surfaces: Stimulating Methods for Promoting Catalytic Resonance

et al. 2020

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Transformational catalytic performance in rate and selectivity is obtainable through catalysts that change on the time scale of catalytic turnover frequency. In this work, dynamic catalysts are defined in the context and history of forced and passive dynamic chemical systems, with classification of unique catalyst behaviors based on temporally-relevant linear scaling parameters. The conditions leading to catalytic rate and selectivity enhancement are described as modifying the local electronic or steric environment of the active site to independently accelerate sequential elementary steps of an overall catalytic cycle. These concepts are related to physical systems and devices that stimulate a catalyst using light, vibrations, strain, and electronic manipulations including electrocatalysis, back-gating of catalyst surfaces, and introduction of surface electric fields via solid electrolytes and ferroelectrics. These catalytic stimuli are then compared for capability to improve catalysis across some of the most important chemical challenges for energy, materials, and sustainability. File list (2) download file view on ChemRxiv Perspective_Manuscript_ChemRxiv.pdf (3.88 MiB) download file view on ChemRxiv Perspective_Supporting_Information_ChemRxiv.pdf (149.75 KiB)

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Section: Forced Catalytic Dynamics -Tunable Surface Species Forced Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

The Catalytic Mechanics of Dynamic Surfaces: Stimulating Methods for Promoting Catalytic Resonance

et al. 2020

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“…Carbon dioxide recycling is recently experiencing a renaissance in response to current anthropogenic climate risk. [1][2] In particular, electrochemical CO 2 conversion has been endorsed as the holy grail for closing the carbon cycle by using green electricity with decentralized deployment and smart-grid integration. Like the Fischer-Tropsch process, the electrified system can produce a variety of C 1 and higher order C x products, but without needing harsh reaction conditions and a pure hydrogen stream to start with.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐Time Carbon Monoxide Detection using a Rotating Gold Ring Electrode: A Feasibility Study

Zhang

Lin

et al. 2020

ChemElectroChem

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Dedication to the late of Professor Dang Sheng Su and for his contribution in nanocarbons for electrocatalysis Rotating ring-disc electrodes (RRDEs) offer a powerful electroanalytical method for studying electrochemical reactions with continuous real-time feedback capabilities. However, its use in the electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) sees very limited success despite the method being a sensible choice. Here, we assess the use of commercial polycrystalline Pt and Au ring electrodes for the selective detection of CO in a nearneutral NaHCO 3 electrolyte (pH = 7.5) and their suitability for real-time monitoring during the CO 2 RR. Our results show that the commercial Pt ring electrode, as a highly sensitive detector, cannot discriminate among most of C 1 reduction products such as H 2 , CO, formate, formaldehyde and methanol, whereas the Au ring electrode can satisfy many criteria for real-time CO detection but the poor sensitivity of the polycrystalline electrode prohibits the practical use for quantitative purpose. A set of design principles for the Au-based ring electrode is put forward in order to endow RRDEs the capability of rapid realtime detection of CO in CO 2 electroreduction.

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“…Instead, in gas-fed electrolysers, the CO 2 is introduced and brought in gas form as close as possible to the catalyst layer ( Figure 2b). Aqueous-fed electrolysers are vastly used in research laboratories, leading to many published scientific papers [9,24,[54][55][56][57]. This extensive use is a result of their ease of operation and adaptability to multiple types of electrode materials and configurations, making them ideal for the rapid and cost-effective study of CO 2 R catalysts.…”

Section: Aqueous-fed and Gas-fed Electrolysersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals of Gas Diffusion Electrodes and Electrolysers for Carbon Dioxide Utilisation: Challenges and Opportunities

2020

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Electrocatalysis plays a prominent role in the development of carbon dioxide utilisation technologies. Many new and improved CO2 conversion catalysts have been developed in recent years, progressively achieving better performance. However, within this flourishing field, a disconnect in catalyst performance evaluation has emerged as the Achilles heel of CO2 electrolysis. Too often, catalysts are assessed in electrochemical settings that are far removed from industrially relevant operational conditions, where CO2 mass transport limitations should be minimised. To overcome this issue, gas diffusion electrodes and gas-fed electrolysers need to be developed and applied, presenting new challenges and opportunities to the CO2 electrolysis community. In this review, we introduce the reader to the fundamentals of gas diffusion electrodes and gas-fed electrolysers, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. We discuss in detail the design of gas diffusion electrodes and their operation within gas-fed electrolysers in both flow-through and flow-by configurations. Then, we correlate the structure and composition of gas diffusion electrodes to the operational performance of electrolysers, indicating options and prospects for improvement. Overall, this study will equip the reader with the fundamental understanding required to enhance and optimise CO2 catalysis beyond the laboratory scale.

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Current achievements and the future direction of electrochemical CO₂ reduction: A short review

Cited by 137 publications

References 193 publications

The Catalytic Mechanics of Dynamic Surfaces: Stimulating Methods for Promoting Catalytic Resonance

The Catalytic Mechanics of Dynamic Surfaces: Stimulating Methods for Promoting Catalytic Resonance

Real‐Time Carbon Monoxide Detection using a Rotating Gold Ring Electrode: A Feasibility Study

Fundamentals of Gas Diffusion Electrodes and Electrolysers for Carbon Dioxide Utilisation: Challenges and Opportunities

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Current achievements and the future direction of electrochemical CO2 reduction: A short review

Cited by 137 publications

References 193 publications

The Catalytic Mechanics of Dynamic Surfaces: Stimulating Methods for Promoting Catalytic Resonance

The Catalytic Mechanics of Dynamic Surfaces: Stimulating Methods for Promoting Catalytic Resonance

Real‐Time Carbon Monoxide Detection using a Rotating Gold Ring Electrode: A Feasibility Study

Fundamentals of Gas Diffusion Electrodes and Electrolysers for Carbon Dioxide Utilisation: Challenges and Opportunities

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Current achievements and the future direction of electrochemical CO₂ reduction: A short review