Current advances in liquid–liquid mixing in static mixers: A review

Bubble Morphology Analysis and Pressure Drop of Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow inside a Quarto Static Mixer

“…Bubble columns and stirred tank reactors have been massively adopted in chemical production. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that the static mixer has a good performance on enhancing heat transfer and mass transfer, and it could replace bubble columns and stirred tank reactors in some industrial production. − …”

“…They consist of a series of components connected in different ways. Since the 1970s, mixers have been widely used in the industrial field due to their better dispersion effect. , Currently, many literature studies about static mixers mainly focus on liquid–liquid dispersion in industrial emulsification applications, and there are few references about gas–liquid two-phase flow in mixers . Nevertheless, there are also many application examples, such as ozonation wastewater and membrane filtration pollution treatments. − …”

“…4,5 Currently, many literature studies about static mixers mainly focus on liquid−liquid dispersion in industrial emulsification applications, and there are few references about gas−liquid two-phase flow in mixers. 1 Nevertheless, there are also many application examples, such as ozonation wastewater and membrane filtration pollution treatments. 6−8 Pressure drop is a significant parameter of inline static mixing performance.…”

Direct numerical simulations of liquid–liquid dispersions in a SMX mixer under different inlet conditions

“…The mixer considered in this study is a standard Sulzer SMX (multi-layer design), which essentially consists of an array of cross-bars forming a X-shaped lattice, where each bar is inclined by 45 • against the pipe axis and the elements are rotated by 90 • with respect to the adjacent element (see Figure 1) [Valdés et al, 2022]. The mixer configuration used for this work consists of a 2-element mixer with an entrance length of 𝐿 ℎ = 𝐷 𝑝 .…”

“…These mixers offer continuous operation with comparatively lower energetic expenditure but simultaneously grant a more intense (∼10 to 200 j.valdes20@imperial.ac.uk (J.P. Valdes) ORCID(s): 0000-0003-3249-5194 (J.P. Valdes) times higher) and uniform energy dissipation distribution than that achieved by stirred tanks [Lebaz and Sheibat-Othman, 2019, Rama Rao et al, 2007, Theron et al, 2010. The energy dissipation intensity can be directly manipulated through accessible parameters such as the flowrate, thus enabling a higher degree of control over the emulsification process and yielding a uniform and reproducible drop size distributions (DSDs) [Valdés et al, 2022]. In addition, previous studies have demonstrated that static mixers can generate similar DSDs to those obtained in agitated vessels with remarkably lower residence times (30,000 less in Theron et al [2010] study) and comparatively lower shear rates [Fradette et al, 2007a].…”