Current advances in regulation of bone homeostasis

Abstract

Bone homeostasis is securely controlled by the dynamic well‐balanced actions among osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes. Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells that degrade bone matrix and involve in the bone remodelling in conjunction with other bone cells, osteoblasts and osteocytes, the completely matured form of osteoblasts. Disruption of this controlling balance among these cells or any disparity in bone remodelling caused by a higher rate of resorption by osteoclasts over construction of bone by osteoblasts results in a reduction of bone matrix including bone mineral density (BMD) and bone marrow cells (BMCs). The dominating effect of osteoclasts results in advanced risk of bone crack and joint destruction in several diseases including osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the boosted osteoblastic activity produces osteosclerotic phenotype and weakened its action primes to osteomalacia or rickets. On the other hand, senescent osteocytes predominately progress the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and may contribute to age related bone loss. Here, we discuss an advanced level work on newly identified cellular mechanisms controlling the remodelling of bone and crosstalk among bone cells as these relate to the therapeutic targeting of the skeleton.

lncRNA SNHG1 induced by SP1 regulates bone remodeling and angiogenesis via sponging miR-181c-5p and modulating SFRP1/Wnt signaling pathway

“…Osteoporosis remains one of the most common bone diseases worldwide (Li et al 2019 ). Bone metabolism depends on the regulation between the bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-absorption osteoclasts (Al-Bari and Al 2020 ; Xu et al 2018 ). The osteogenic and osteoclast differentiation of BMSCs serve a major role in bone reconstruction and help maintain a balance between bone formation and bone resorption.…”

Rickets in Children: An Update

“…Bone-resorbing activity is also directly inhibited by calcitonin (CT), an endogenous calcium regulatory hormone [42][43][44]. Finally, osteoblasts represent the "bone-forming" cells in a process that is regulated by a wide range of cytokines including bone matrix-derived transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2), BMP-4, BMP-7, and their inhibitors insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), OPN, and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) [45].…”

Enhancement of Osteoblast Differentiation Using No-Ozone Cold Plasma on Human Periodontal Ligament Cells

“…Bone homeostasis involves continuous destruction, resorption, and reformation of bones [ 9 ]. During this process, osteoblasts promote bone formation and mediate the differentiation and functionality of osteoclasts through intercellular interactions [ 10 ].…”