Current and Emerging Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma: An Updated Review

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignancy of the bile ducts that is often associated with late diagnosis, poor overall survival, and limited treatment options. The standard of care therapy for cholangiocarcinoma has been cytotoxic chemotherapy with modest improvements in overall survival with the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The discovery of actionable mutations has led to the advent of targeted therapies against FGFR and IDH-1, which has expanded the treatment landscape for this patient population. Significant efforts have been made in the pre-clinical space to explore novel immunotherapeutic approaches, as well as antibody–drug conjugates. This review provides an overview of the current landscape of treatment options, as well as promising future therapeutic targets.

Causal relationship between immune cell phenotypes and risk of biliary tract cancer: evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis

“…In the realm of immunotherapy research, there is interest in developing patient-specific immunotherapies based on tumor-infiltrating immune cell types and their characteristics. Numerous immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors or cellular immunotherapy, are utilized in cancer treatment, targeting diverse immune cell populations within the immune system ( 8 , 9 ). Studies targeting immunotherapy for biliary tract tumors.…”