Current and Future Improvements in Livestock Nutrition and Feed Resources

Tona, G. O.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.73088

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Plant protein sources make up the second largest proportion of livestock diets after energy sources, of which soybean oilcake meal is the most common (Tona, 2018). Soyabeans face market competition with human food demands, especially in developing countries (Mengesha, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of extrusion on the rumen undegradable protein fraction of lupins

Brand¹,

Jordaan²

2021

SA J. An. Sci.

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Lupins are highly degradable in the rumen, and do not provide enough bypass protein for high-producing ruminant animals. The effects of extrusion on dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) rumen degradability of Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius were determined in situ. Samples of both types of lupin were extruded at maximum temperature, which reached 116 °C. Six Dohne Merino wethers fitted with rumen cannulas were used in this trial. Samples were incubated in the rumen at intervals of 0, 2, 4, 12, 36, and 48 hours. This procedure was repeated in two sheep per treatment and in three periods, giving a total of six observations for each variable. Extrusion lowered the soluble fraction of CP and increased the potential degradable fraction without affecting its rate of degradation. It also lowered the effective degradability of CP of both types of lupin by 28% at an outflow rate of 0.08% per hour. No differences were observed between types. Extrusion modified the ruminal degradation parameters and decreased effective rumen degradation, especially at faster outflow rates. Thus, the rumen undegradable protein (RUP) fraction of lupins was increased by extrusion and lupins could be used more efficiently in ruminant diets. This study showed that the benefits of extrusion could be reached at a relatively low temperature of 116 °C to reduce the possibility of heat damage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soyabeans face market competition with human food demands, especially in developing countries (Mengesha, 2012). This feed-food competition has led to the necessity to explore the use of local cheaper alternative protein sources in livestock feed formulations (Tona, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of extrusion on the rumen undegradable protein fraction of lupins

Brand¹,

Jordaan²

2021

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…Growing human population and urbanization could lead to increased demand for substantial amount of feed resources needed to improve ruminant growth and production (Behan et al 2019). The increasing global livestock production and animal population with limiting livestock feed resources (Tona 2018) portends great danger in the nearest future. In addition, poor feed utilization as a result of inefficient rumen fermentation is one of the challenges of ruminant nutrition in the tropics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth-promoting effect of water-washed neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) fruit inclusion in West African dwarf rams

Jack

Adewumi

Adegbeye

et al. 2020

Trop Anim Health Prod

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In a study to determine the growth-promoting effect of water-washed neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) fruit (WN) in West African Dwarf (WAD) rams, a total mixed ration was formulated with 0 (WN0), 2.5 (WN2.5), 5.0 (WN5), 7.5 (WN7.5), and 10.0 (WN10) % of WN inclusion. Twenty-five yearling rams (12.3 ± 2.0 kg) were assigned to one of the five dietary groups with five animals per group in a completely randomized design. Each group received the diet for 90 days inclusive of the initial 28 days used for anticoccidial efficacy trial. After the growth trial, three rams from each group were used for digestibility and nitrogen metabolism trial. Anticoccidial efficacy linearly increased (P = 0.002) with increased inclusion of WN and duration of feeding (P = 0.003). Feed intake (P = 0.018) and weight gain (P = 0.009) quadratically increased with WN5 inclusion compared to WN10. Optimal inclusion level of WN for daily weight gain was 5.1% (R 2 = 0.30). Digestibility of crude protein was linearly and quadratically increased (P = 0.032; P = 0.031, respectively) with up to WN7.5 inclusion. Nitrogen retention was similar among the treatments. Incorporation of water-washed neem fruit in the diets of West African dwarf rams improved nutrient utilization and animal health by increasing anticoccidial efficacy, feed intake, and weight gain. This is an indication that waterwashed neem fruit could be used as growth promoter in sheep production.

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“…Although constant searches for better animal feeding system to improve healthiness and productivity of livestock animal are in progress, no significant advancements suitable for existing or future populations have been discovered yet. In general, feed supplements, such as subclinical dosage of antimicrobials, plant extracts, probiotics, prebiotics, or a combination of them control livestock infections [ 10 – 14 ]. Although such measures are taken, EIDs and food-borne outbreaks, global warming, huge land usage, and forest encroachments are still on the rise and inevitable.…”

Section: Need For An Alternative Source Of Meatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical requirements for cultured meat production: a review

Ramani

Kim

et al. 2021

J Anim Sci Technol

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Environment, food, and disease have a selective force on the present and future as well as our genome. Adaptation of livestock and the environmental nexus, including forest encroachment for anthropological needs, has been proven to cause emerging infectious diseases. Further, these demand changes in meat production and market systems. Meat is a reliable source of protein, with a majority of the world population consumes meat. To meet the increasing demands of meat production as well as address issues, such as current environmental pollution, animal welfare, and outbreaks, cellular agriculture has emerged as one of the next industrial revolutions. Lab grown meat or cell cultured meat is a promising way to pursue this; however, it still needs to resemble traditional meat and be assured safety for human consumption. Further, to mimic the palatability of traditional meat, the process of cultured meat production starts from skeletal muscle progenitor cells isolated from animals that proliferate and differentiate into skeletal muscle using cell culture techniques. Due to several lacunae in the current approaches, production of muscle replicas is not possible yet. Our review shows that constant research in this field will resolve the existing constraints and enable successful cultured meat production in the near future. Therefore, production of cultured meat is a better solution that looks after environmental issues, spread of outbreaks, antibiotic resistance through the zoonotic spread, food and economic crises.

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Current and Future Improvements in Livestock Nutrition and Feed Resources

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of extrusion on the rumen undegradable protein fraction of lupins

Effect of extrusion on the rumen undegradable protein fraction of lupins

Growth-promoting effect of water-washed neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) fruit inclusion in West African dwarf rams

Technical requirements for cultured meat production: a review

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