Current and Future Prospective of a Versatile Moiety: Imidazole

Abstract

: Imidazole containing compounds have been a very much explored field since ancient times. Subsequently, it constitutes a significant moiety for the new drug development. A variety of compounds having imidazole moiety have been synthesized, evaluated and marketed for the treatment of various diseases such as antifungal, antiepileptic, ACE inhibitors and so on as shown in figure. The search for imidazole containing compounds with more selective biological potency with low side effects continue to be an active area of research in medicinal chemistry. This review is in an effort to highlight the marketed drugs with imidazole ring. The article also demonstrates the future prospective of marketed imidazoles as antifungal with potential activity targeting 14α-demethylase enzyme.

Zn(OAc)2•2H2O-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of divergently substituted Imidazoles

“…Prior to use, chromatography solvents were distilled. On Varian FT-200 MHz (Gemini) and Bruker UXNMR FT-300 MHz (Avance) instruments, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra were captured in DMSO-d6. Chemical shifts are expressed as parts per million () in relation to the internal standard, tetramethylsilane (δ 0.0).…”

“…The product was refined either by recrystallizing in hot ethanol or by column chromatography on silica gel (60-120 Mesh, 20% EtOAc/Petroleum ether mixture) after the organic layer had been concentrated under vacuum. Through the use of FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and mass spectrum analysis, each product was sufficiently characterized and compared with literature data [20][21][22][23][24] The mixture of aromatic aldehyde (1 mmol), aromatic primary amine (1 mmol), benzil (1 mmol), ammonium acetate (1 mmol), and Zn(OAc)2•2H2O (5 mol %) under solvent-free conditions was taken in a 10 ml round bottom flask, heated to 70 °C, and kept there while being stirred for the appropriate amount of time. TLC was used to monitor the reaction's progress.…”

“…1. 13 An organic molecule with imidazole derivatives has acquired a sustainable place in medical and clinical fields. The consol idation of the imidazole unit is a significant synthetic technique in drug development.…”

New Biological Targets in Fungi and Novel Molecule under Development: A Review

“…This mechanism of interaction of azoles with cytochrome P450 in both microorganisms and mammals would be responsible for the adverse effects and hepatotoxicity attributed to some azoles such as Ketoconazole. Triazoles have a broad-spectrum including Candida, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Scedosporium, Cryptococcus as well as dimorphic fungi and dermatophytes in contrast to imidazoles which are only active on Candida and Aspergillus [24].…”

One-step synthesis of imidazoles from Asmic (anisylsulfanylmethyl isocyanide)

“…The outstanding and diverse bioactivity of imidazole-containing pharmaceuticals [ 6 ], as well as their role as ligands for transition metals [ 7 ], and organocatalysis [ 8 ], has stimulated an array of creative syntheses [ 9 – 10 ]. Among the numerous routes to imidazoles [ 11 – 12 ], the condensation of metalated isocyanides with nitrogenous π-electrophiles is distinguished by excellent efficiency and modularity.…”