Current and Projected Distributions of
 Aedes aegypti
 and
 Ae. albopictus
 in Canada and the U.S.

Khan, Salah Ud‐Din; Ogden, Nicholas H.; Fazil, Aamir; Gachon, Philippe; Dueymes, Guillaume; Greer, Amy L.; Ng, Victoria

doi:10.1289/ehp5899

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…In Asia, overwintering of diapausing eggs occurs where mean January temperatures are lower than -2°C (Kobayashi et al, 2002) or even -3°C and -4°C (Nawrocki & Hawley, 1987;Wu et al, 2011). In Europe Waldock et al (2013) suggested to use a -4°C isotherm, while in the USA a threshold of -5°C was suggested (Khan et al, 2020). Tippelt et al (2020) specify that the vector is capable of overwintering at temperatures <2°C in Europe.…”

Section: Climatic Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Value Literature 1 Mean January temperature -3.0±0.46 [°C] (Nawrocki & Hawley, 1987;Kobayashi et al, 2002;Medlock et al, 2006;Wu et al, 2011;limiting overwintering Neteler et al, 2013;Waldock et al, 2013;Ogden et al, 2014;Proestos et al, 2015;Kuhlisch et al, 2018;Petri et al, 2018;Khan et al, 2020;Tippelt et al, 2020) 2 Total annual precipitation 422±32 [mm] (Knudsen et al, 1996;Eritja et al, 2005;Medlock et al, 2006;Takumi et al, 2009;Roiz et al, limiting establishment 2011;Neteler et al, 2013;Waldock et al, 2013;Ogden et al, 2014;Proestos et al, 2015;Cunze et al, 2016;Kuhlisch et al, 2018;Sherpa et al, 2019;Khan et al, 2020) 3 Critical temperature 10.6±0.36 [°C] (Medlock et al, 2006;Romi et al, 2006;Takumi et al, 2009;Gatt et al, 2010;Mogi & Tuno, for spring hatching 2014;Flacio et al, 2016;Komagata et al, 2017) 4 Critical photoperiod 11.2±0.24 [h] (Medlock et al, 2006;Romi et al, 2006;Takumi et al, 2009;Gatt et al, 2010; (Focks et al, 1994;Toma et al, 2003;Medlock et al, 2006;Lacour et al, 2015 et a...…”

Section: Climatic Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonality and timing of peak abundance of Aedes albopictus in Europe: Implications to public and animal health

et al. 2021

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Aedes albopictus is a known vector of dengue and chikungunya. Understanding the population dynamics characteristics of vector species is of pivotal importance to optimise surveillance and control activities, to estimate risk for pathogen-transmission, and thus to enhance support of public health decisions. In this paper we used a seasonal activity model to simulate the start (spring hatching) and end (autumn diapause) of the vector season. In parallel, the peak abundance of the species was assessed using both VectorNet field survey data complemented with field studies obtained from literature across the Mediterranean Basin. Our results suggest that spring hatching of eggs in the current distribution area can start at the beginning of March in southern Europe and in April in western Europe. In northern Europe, where the species is not (yet) present, spring hatching would occur from late April to late May. Aedes albopictus can remain active up to 41 weeks in southern Europe whilst the climatic conditions in northern Europe are limiting its potential activity to a maximum of 23 weeks. The peak of egg density is found during summer months from end of July until end of September. During these two months the climatic conditions for species development are optimal, which implies a higher risk for arbovirus transmission by Ae. albopictus and occurrence of epidemics.

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Section: Climatic Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climatic Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality and timing of peak abundance of Aedes albopictus in Europe: Implications to public and animal health

et al. 2021

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“…Over the past decade there has been an increase in virus activity, including a large outbreak in the summer of 2019 (ProMED 2019). Environmental changes associated with climate change may alter disease risk by changing the abundance and distribution of the primary mosquito vector, by lengthening the virus-transmission season, and by extending the transmission range to areas previously unsuitable (Ng et al 2017, Khan et al 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus: A Scoping Review of the Global Evidence

Corrin

Ackford

Mascarenhas

et al. 2021

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Background: Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is primarily found in North America and the Caribbean. Over the past decade there has been an increase in virus activity, including large outbreaks in human and horse populations. Predicted climate change is expected to affect the range of mosquitoes including vectors of EEEV, which may alter disease risk posing a public health concern. Methods: A scoping review (ScR) was conducted to identify and characterize the global evidence on EEEV. A thorough search was conducted in relevant bibliographic databases and government websites. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts for relevance and the characteristics of relevant articles were extracted using a uniformly implemented data collection form. The study protocol was developed a priori and described the methods and tools used and this article follows the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for reporting ScRs. Results: The ScR included 718 relevant research articles. The majority of the articles originated from North America (97%) between 1933 and 2019. EEEV has been identified in 35 species of mosquitoes, over 200 species of birds, various domestic animals, wild mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Articles identified in this ScR primarily covered three topic areas: epidemiology of hosts and vectors (344 articles) including surveillance results (138), pathogenesis of EEEV in hosts (193), and in vitro studies characterizing EEEV (111). Fewer articles evaluated the accuracy of diagnostic tests (63), the efficacy of mitigation strategies (62), transmission dynamics (56), treatment of EEEV in hosts (10), societal knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (4), and economic burden (2). Conclusion: With the projected impact of climate change on mosquito populations, it is expected that the risk of EEEV could change resulting in higher disease burden or spread into previously unaffected areas. Future research efforts should focus on closing some of the important knowledge gaps identified in this ScR.

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“…In 2017, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the United States of America estimated that Ae. albopictus ’ potential distribution in the United States could extend to the northernmost states of the east coast, which share borders with Canada: New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Enhanced surveillance in Windsor-Essex County (in Ontario, Canada) detected the presence of both species at the larval stage in 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquitoes Know No Borders: Surveillance of Potential Introduction of Aedes Species in Southern Québec, Canada

et al. 2021

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Current climatic conditions limit the distribution of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, Diptera: Culicidae) in the north, but predictive climate models suggest this species could establish itself in southern Canada by 2040. A vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, Zika and West Nile viruses, the Ae. Albopictus has been detected in Windsor, Ontario since 2016. Given the potential public health implications, and knowing that Aedes spp. can easily be introduced by ground transportation, this study aimed to determine if specimens could be detected, using an adequate methodology, in southern Québec. Mosquitoes were sampled in 2016 and 2017 along the main roads connecting Canada and the U.S., using Biogent traps (Sentinel-2, Gravide Aedes traps) and ovitraps. Overall, 24 mosquito spp. were captured, excluding Ae. Albopictus, but detecting one Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Skuse) specimen (laid eggs). The most frequent species among captured adults were Ochlerotatus triseriatus, Culex pipiens complex, and Ochlerotatus japonicus (31.0%, 26.0%, and 17.3%, respectively). The present study adds to the increasing number of studies reporting on the range expansions of these mosquito species, and suggests that ongoing monitoring, using multiple capture techniques targeting a wide range of species, may provide useful information to public health with respect to the growing risk of emerging mosquito-borne diseases in southern Canada.

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Current and Projected Distributions of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Canada and the U.S.

Cited by 46 publications

References 62 publications

Seasonality and timing of peak abundance of <em>Aedes albopictus</em> in Europe: Implications to public and animal health

Seasonality and timing of peak abundance of <em>Aedes albopictus</em> in Europe: Implications to public and animal health

Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus: A Scoping Review of the Global Evidence

Mosquitoes Know No Borders: Surveillance of Potential Introduction of Aedes Species in Southern Québec, Canada

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