Current Applications of Magnetic Nanomaterials for Extraction of Mycotoxins, Pesticides, and Pharmaceuticals in Food Commodities

Abstract

Environmental pollutants, such as mycotoxins, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals, are a group of contaminates that occur naturally, while others are produced from anthropogenic sources. With increased research on the adverse ecological and human health effects of these pollutants, there is an increasing need to regularly monitor their levels in food and the environment in order to ensure food safety and public health. The application of magnetic nanomaterials in the analyses of these pollutants could be promising and offers numerous advantages relative to conventional techniques. Due to their ability for the selective adsorption, and ease of separation as a result of magnetic susceptibility, surface modification, stability, cost-effectiveness, availability, and biodegradability, these unique magnetic nanomaterials exhibit great achievement in the improvement of the extraction of different analytes in food. On the other hand, conventional methods involve longer extraction procedures and utilize large quantities of environmentally unfriendly organic solvents. This review centers its attention on current applications of magnetic nanomaterials and their modifications in the extraction of pollutants in food commodities.

Manufactures of bio‐degradable and bio‐based polymers for bio‐materials in the pharmaceutical field

“…In addition to strengthening the research on the adverse effects of these pollutants on the environment. It is increasingly necessary to monitor their levels in food to ensure safety and health 68,69 . Nano‐plastics are not only a problem for the environment but also contribute to serious pollution, especially in an aquatic ecosystem.…”

“…It is increasingly necessary to monitor their levels in food to ensure safety and health. 68,69 Nanoplastics are not only a problem for the environment but also contribute to serious pollution, especially in an aquatic ecosystem. It can act as a carrier for many pollutants that live together in the aquatic system with their related community.…”

Fe3O4@COF(TAPT–DHTA) Nanocomposites as Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction Adsorbents for Simultaneous Determination of 9 Mycotoxins in Fruits by UHPLC–MS/MS

“…Among these methods, immunoaffinity SPE approach has high specificity, but it is also expensive, time consuming and, in particular, not applicable to the simultaneous purification of multiple mycotoxins. Magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE), as a new kind of SPE, has attracted great attention by virtue of its easy separation, convenient operation and time-saving qualities [ 17 ]. In the MSPE process, the magnetic sorbents are directly dispersed in the sample solution for rapid and efficient extraction of analytes, and then quickly separated by an external magnetic field.…”

Recovery of tetrodotoxin from pufferfish viscera extract by amine-functionalized magnetic nanocomposites

“…[21][22][23][25][26][27] Moreover, nanomaterials with magnetic properties have ease of regeneration and recycling, offering a great achievement in the enhancement of the adsorption of compounds from different matrices. 28 For instance, graing of tris [2-(dimethylamino) ethyl] amine (Me 6 TREN) onto the surface of SiO 2 -coated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles demonstrated a high adsorption efficacy with good selectivity of heavy metals from wastewater, while the magnetic core Fe 3 O 4 allowed for the repeated recycling of the material. 29 Notably, Fe 3 O 4 @Me 6 TREN NPs can be regenerated by desorbing heavy metal ions from NPs with EDTA sodium salt, which will be of great signicance for cost reduction and further industrial applications.…”

“…33 Magnetic nanoparticles graed with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) were also used to load anticancer drug of Nintedanib for controlled release as a drug delivery system. 34 Moreover, functional magnetic nanomaterials are also used for extraction and mycotoxins, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals in food commodities 28 and adsorption/sensing of active ingredients in medicine. 32 To date, there are no studies on the recovery of tetrodotoxin from puffersh viscera extract using magnetic nanomaterials.…”