Current applications, selection, and possible mechanisms of actions of synbiotics in improving the growth and health status in aquaculture: A review

Effect of dietary supplementation with a synbiotic (Lacto Forte) on growth performance, haematological and histological profiles, the innate immune response and resistance to bacterial disease inOreochromis niloticus

“…Synbiotics, which involve synergistic integration of probiotics and prebiotics, are considered one of the most prominent and practical dietary supplements for sustainable fish farms (Hoseinifar et al, ). Incorporation of natural or synthetic synbiotics into fish diets is now one of the most common alternative strategies for aquaculture disease control and prevention (Huynh et al, ; Markowiak & Śliżewska, ). Synbiotics have been extensively used as growth promoters for several aquatic species (De Kivit, Tobin, Forsyth, Keshavarzian, & Landay, ; Ringø, Dimitroglou, Hoseinifar, & Davies, ; Rodriguez‐Estrada, Satoh, Haga, Fushimi, & Sweetman, ), but their efficacy can be species dependent (Mohapatra et al, ) or dose dependent (Vine, Leukes, & Kaiser, ).…”

“…Synbiotics decidedly influence the growth performance of fish and promote their welfare. For example, synbiotics improve the growth and binding capacity of several types of health‐promoting bacteria within the fish alimentary tract and promote digestive enzyme activity, which in turn improves food utilization and feed efficiency (Cerezuela, Meseguer, & Esteban, ; Huynh et al, ). The mechanisms by which Lacto Forte can improve growth performance remain unclear.…”

Effects of synbiotic containing Lactobacillus plantarum 7-40 and galactooligosaccharide on the growth performance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

“…plantarum 7–40 in the diet did not promote L. vannamei growth (Chiu et al., ). It may be suggested that GOS was used as substrate and then modulated the intestinal microbiota towards beneficial bacteria and subsequently increased production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), digestive enzyme activity and improved gut health and nutrient absorptive ability in shrimp (Hoseinifar, Zoheiri, Dadar, Rufchaei, & Ringø, ; Hoseinifar, Ahmadi, Raeisi et al., ; Huynh et al., ). In addition, the increased growth performance of shrimp fed SYN diet was involved with increased feed intake, which was in agreement with the observations of tilapia (Hassaan, Soltan, & Ghonemy, ).…”

Bacterial population in intestines of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei fed a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus plantarum and galactooligosaccharide

“…Supplements, such as probiotics (Liu, Chiu, Ho, & Wang, ; Wang, ), immunostimulants (Hossain, Koshio, Manabu, Yokoyama, & Sony, ), or synbiotic (SYN) that can increase the probiotic efficiency are widely used in aquaculture to increase the growth and health status of cultured shrimp and fish (Hoseinifar, Mirvaghefi, Amoozegar, Merrifield, & Ringo, ; Huynh, Cheng, Chi, Chiu, & Liu, ; Huynh, Chi, et al, ; Makivuokko, Forssten, Saarinen, Ouwehand, & Rautonen, ). Among those products, SYNs are considered to be more effective in improving the growth performance and health status of aquatic animals (Huynh, Cheng, et al, ; Huynh, Chi, et al, ; Huynh et al, ).…”

“…Based on the current definition, two types of SYN approaches exist as complementary and synergistic effects in host studies (Kolida & Gibson, ). Synbiotics are used to improve the growth and immunity of aquatic animals, and this was reviewed by such researchers as Cerezuela, Meseguer, and Esteban () and Huynh et al (). Galactooligosaccharide (GOS) alone or in a SYN form with Pediococcus acidilactici was able to promote the growth of the Caspian roach, Rutilus rutilus (Hoseinifar, Khalili, Rostami, & Esteban, ) and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Hoseinifar, Mirvaghefi, Amoozegar, Sharifian, & Esteban, ).…”