Current barrier membranes: Titanium mesh and other membranes for guided bone regeneration in dental applications

Abstract

Research on guided bone regeneration (GBR) is still ongoing, with evidence mainly from preclinical studies. Various current barrier membranes should fulfill the main design criteria for GBR, such as biocompatibility, occlusivity, spaciousness, clinical manageability and the appropriate integration with the surrounding tissue. These GBR characteristics are required to provide the maximum membrane function and mechanical support to the tissue during bone formation. In this review, various commercially available, resorbable and non-resorbable membranes with different characteristics are discussed and summarized for their usefulness in preclinical studies. Membranes offer promising solutions in animal models; however, an ideal membrane has not been established yet for clinical applications. Every membrane type presents both advantages and disadvantages. Titanium mesh membranes offer superb mechanical properties for GBR treatment and its current efficacy in trials will be a focus in this review. A thorough understanding of the benefits and limitations inherent to various materials in specific clinical applications will be of great value and aid in the selection of an optimal membrane for GBR.

Comparative Efficacies of a 3D-Printed PCL/PLGA/β-TCP Membrane and a Titanium Membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration in Beagle Dogs

“…Of the variety of different barrier membrane materials [11] that have been used for successful GBR, extended polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) [12,13] and titanium mesh [14] are widely accepted in the clinical setting as non-resorbable membranes that induce minimal immunologic reactions and have excellent space-making ability. However, they require a second surgery for membrane removal and have a high risk of premature membrane exposure [6,11].…”

Novel Bioabsorbable Bovine Derived Atelo-Collagen Type I Membrane: Characterization into Host Tissues

“…For these reasons, bioabsorbable membranes were introduced with xenograftderived collagen being most commonly utilized [26,27]. Natural materials possess the added advantage that they are highly biocompatible and have therefore received much attention as barrier membranes for GTR and GBR procedures [28]. Collagen membranes have advantageous properties in comparison to other synthetic materials due to their inherent bioactivity, ability to present receptor-binding ligands to cells, susceptibility to cell-triggered proteolytic degradation and their natural remodeling characteristics [29].…”

Development of a Novel Degradation-Controlled Magnesium-Based Regeneration Membrane for Future Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) Therapy

“…Considering the practical application of the dental GBR procedure, dentists need to bend (inducing strain and residual stress) the regeneration membrane to fit the alveolar ridge [5]. However, Mg-based alloys generally have a known issue, namely the stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) phenomenon, which can accelerate localized corrosion and further cause early failure of the materials [26].…”

“…To this end, guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures have been noted as a reliable periodontal regeneration and alveolar augmentation therapy, and have registered high success rates in recent years [4]. Currently, there are two material systems for GBR procedures, namely degradable and non-degradable membrane materials [5]. With degradable regeneration membranes (usually made by poly-lactic acid (PLA) or collagen sheets), secondary surgery for implant…”