Current Biomarkers for Diagnosing of Prostate Cancer

Stephan, Carsten; Jung, Klaus; Ralla, Bernhard

doi:10.2217/fon.15.203

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…New biomarkers have been described during recent years for the management of early prostate cancer (PCa), among them the Prostate Health Index, PCA3 score and the four-kallikrein panel [1][2][3]. Emerging biomarkers should improve the specificity of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the detection of PCa, showing a relationship with the aggressiveness of the tumor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNAs as novel biomarkers in the management of prostate cancer

Filella

Foj

2017

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

100

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microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression posttranscriptionally and are part of the giant non codifying genoma. Cumulating data suggest that miRNAs are promising potential biomarkers for many diseases, including cancer. Prostate cancer (PCa) detection is currently based in the serum prostate-specific antigen biomarker and digital rectal examination. However, these methods are limited by a low predictive value and the adverse consequences associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. New biomarkers that could be used for PCa detection and prognosis are still needed. Recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant expressions of microRNAs are associated with the underlying mechanisms of PCa. This review attempts to extensively summarize the current knowledge of miRNA expression patterns, as well as their targets and involvement in PCa pathogenesis. We focused our review in the value of circulating and urine miRNAs as biomarkers in PCa patients, highlighting the existing discrepancies between different studies, probably associated with the important methodological issues related to their quantitation and normalization. The majority of studies have been performed in serum or plasma, but urine obtained after prostate massage appears as a new way to explore the usefulness of miRNAs. Large screening studies to select a miRNA profile have been completed, but bioinformatics tools appear as a new approach to select miRNAs that are relevant in PCa development.Promising preliminary results were published concerning miR-141, miR-375 and miR-21, but larger and prospective studies using standardized methodology are necessary to define the value of miRNAs in the detection and prognosis of PCa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNAs as novel biomarkers in the management of prostate cancer

Filella

Foj

2017

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

100

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“…PCA3 has been shown to be expressed in much higher levels in cancerous prostate tissues compared with benign prostate tissues (9). Urinary PCA3 has recently been studied extensively for the prediction of prostate biopsy results and treatment outcomes (10).…”

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confidence: 99%

PCA3 Silencing Sensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells to Enzalutamide-mediated Androgen Receptor Blockade

Özgür

Celik

Darendeliler

et al. 2017

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“…It was first purified in 1979 [ 12 ] and detected in serum in 1980 [ 13 ]. PSA is a 30-33 kDa protein [ 4 ], biologically responsible for semen liquefaction [ 14 ] that is secreted into the seminal fluid by luminal epithelial cells of the ducts and acini in the prostate. Normal basement membranes of prostatic ducts and acini as well as prostatic stroma limit the PSA release into the blood circulation [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to the discovery of non-invasive urinary biomarkers of prostate cancer

2018

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Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be one of the most common cancers in men worldwide. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) measured in blood has been used for decades as an aid for physicians to detect the presence of prostate cancer. However, the PSA test has limited sensitivity and specificity, leading to unnecessary biopsies, overdiagnosis and overtreatment of patients. For these reasons, there is an urgent need for more accurate PCa biomarkers that can detect PCa with high sensitivity and specificity. Urine is a unique source of potential protein biomarkers that can be measured in a non-invasive way. This review comprehensively summarizes state of the art approaches used in the discovery and validation of urinary biomarkers for PCa. Numerous strategies are currently being used in the discovery of urinary biomarkers for prostate cancer including gel-based separation techniques, mass spectrometry, activity-based proteomic assays and software approaches. Antibody-based approaches remain preferred method for validation of candidate biomarkers with rapidly advancing multiplex immunoassays and MS-based targeted approaches. In the last decade, there has been a dramatic acceleration in the development of new techniques and approaches in the discovery of protein biomarkers for prostate cancer including computational, statistical and data mining methods. Many urinary-based protein biomarkers have been identified and have shown significant promise in initial studies. Examples of these potential biomarkers and the methods utilized in their discovery are also discussed in this review.

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Current Biomarkers for Diagnosing of Prostate Cancer

Cited by 17 publications

References 113 publications

miRNAs as novel biomarkers in the management of prostate cancer

miRNAs as novel biomarkers in the management of prostate cancer

PCA3 Silencing Sensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells to Enzalutamide-mediated Androgen Receptor Blockade

Approaches to the discovery of non-invasive urinary biomarkers of prostate cancer

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