Current challenges and future perspectives in the field of addiction psychiatry in Latin America

Attas, Javier Didia; Pabón, Elvia Velázquez de; Cueva, Rafael Navarro

doi:10.3109/09540261.2010.500866

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Injected drugs are mainly used in the Southern Cone, Brazil and in Caribbean countries (74). In Andean countries like Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru smoking cocaine base paste is more popular (75). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing face of HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean

2014

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Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is a region with similarities and important disparities. In recent years LAC has witnessed achievements, with HIV prevalence rates relatively stable for LA and decreasing for the Caribbean. However average values hide differences. General population HIV prevalence in LAC is 0.4% in average. In the Caribbean there are fewer new HIV infections but HIV prevalence among adults exceeds 1% in several countries. It is estimated that 31% of adults living with HIV in LA and 52% of adults in the Caribbean are women. Unprotected sex is the main route of HIV transmission in LAC. Men who have sex with men and transgender women are the populations with the highest prevalence (10.6% and 17.7% respectively); however other key populations such as female sex workers (4.9%), drug users (range 1%-49.7% for intravenous drug users). Prisoners and indigenous populations are also important. LAC has the highest anti-retroviral treatment coverage of any low- and middle-income region in the world, but women and children are less likely than men to receive treatment. There is an important pending agenda to address the gaps in information, prevention and care for HIV in LAC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing face of HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean

2014

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“…There are a variety of routes through which substance abuse in general, and opioid abuse in particular, can materialize. Researchers of the current opioid crisis, government officials, international agencies, and community leaders concur in pointing to the attempt to effectively treat pain as a common, growing factor in this process ( 27 ). The subsequent increase in prescriptions of opioids came without consideration of the risks of addiction: the fact is that the number of people addicted has increased across social sectors, age groups, genders, and acute and chronic medical and psychological conditions ( 27 , 35 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Brazil, access to prescription opioids is limited, so consumption there is low ( 26 ), and regional polls have shown low levels of heroin consumption. Substances which have a risk of dependence but are authorized for medical use (i.e., sedatives or tranquilizers) are subject to a governmental drug monitoring system in Brazil ( 17 , 27 ). The United Nations registered a worldwide increase in the number of filled opiate prescriptions between 2009 and 2015.…”

Section: Opioid Consumption In Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only a small group uses injectable heroin, because cocaine and its derivatives are preferred in these two countries. Hepatitis C has a prevalence among intravenous drug users of 98% in Mexico and 69% in Brazil ( 27 , 30 ). The United Nations reported in 2011 that people in jail who self‐injected drugs, were likely to combine cocaine with heroin, a mix known as a speedball ( 29 ).…”

Section: Opioid Consumption In Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

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World Opioid and Substance Use Epidemic: A Latin American Perspective

Pacurucu-castillo

Ordóñez-Mancheno

Hernández-Cruz

et al. 2019

PRCP

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The opioid crisis is a growing social and public health phenomenon, particularly in developed countries such as the United States. Since the 1990s, this crisis has shown a variety of causal processes and consequences and has affected quality of life for millions of individuals, families, and communities across the globe. Although abuse of opioid‐based painkillers appears to have triggered the epidemic in the United States, in this article, the problem is examined with a focus on Latin America, where drug‐associated problems constitute threats to the health and quality of life for large segments of the population. After a review of the history of opium consumption and its consequences in the world and in Latin America, the authors present epidemiological data and information about regional market differences, professional involvement, clinical practices, public health realities, and prevention efforts. Recommendations are made for collaborative efforts to promote prevention policies and measures to improve the situation.

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“…The current infrastructure for dealing with drug misuse is extremely limited across Latin American and Caribbean member states, with very few dedicated resources. [1][2][3][4][5] The research evidence base with respect to illicit drug use is particularly inadequate in Latin America and almost non-existent in the Caribbean region. [6][7][8] There is also a huge need for specialized personnel to analyze and assess drug--related problems.…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%