Current clinical applications of adipose-derived stem cells in humans and animals

Abstract

Adipose derived stem cells are a type of mesenchymal stem cell that, because of their straightforward isolation procedure and ready availability, have been intensively studied in the recent years regarding their possible clinical applications. Additionally, ADSCs have the ability to differentiate into tri-germ lineages, as well as exhibit paracrine activity. Their capacity to differentiate into many different cell lineages such as osteocytes, adipocytes, neural cells, vascular endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, pancreatic cells, and hepatocytes, has granted them a significant place in consideration for tissue engineering and for their application in regenerative medicine. Moreover, their endocrine activity has a great impact upon therapies as it grants immunosuppressive properties and low immunogenicity.Running title: Clinical applications of ADSCs

Expression Profile of New Marker Genes Involved in Differentiation of Canine Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Osteoblasts

“…Furthermore, a significant amount of recent research, especially regarding the treatment of bone-and cartilage-related diseases, focuses on adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) [1,16,17]. Due to the ease of their extraction during the liposuction procedure, the wide array of works describing the methods of their culture and differentiation and their significant osteogenic and chondrogenic potential, these cells have become one of the most commonly investigated stem cell types, with a number of clinicians attempting to introduce effective treatments based on their autologous transplantation [18,19]. However, the exact molecular mechanisms governing the physiological and non-physiological functions of ASCs during their collection, long-term ex vivo culture, cryogenic storage or in vitro differentiation are still not entirely known [18].…”

“…Due to the ease of their extraction during the liposuction procedure, the wide array of works describing the methods of their culture and differentiation and their significant osteogenic and chondrogenic potential, these cells have become one of the most commonly investigated stem cell types, with a number of clinicians attempting to introduce effective treatments based on their autologous transplantation [18,19]. However, the exact molecular mechanisms governing the physiological and non-physiological functions of ASCs during their collection, long-term ex vivo culture, cryogenic storage or in vitro differentiation are still not entirely known [18]. Therefore, to enable the widespread adoption of this cell type in routine medical practice, a significant amount of wide-scale studies of the processes occurring during the procedures associated with current and potential applications of these cells are still needed to fully discover their actual clinical usefulness, as well as the possible risks associated with their grafting.…”

Expression Profile of New Gene Markers Involved in Differentiation of Canine Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Chondrocytes

“…This sparks concerns about the applicability of various stem cell types in a clinical setting, mostly regarding the efficiency and potential side effects of their use [ 7 , 8 ]. Hence, there is a significant need for complex studies analyzing the molecular basis of stem cell function, to fully understand their potential and safety in possible therapeutic applications [ 9 ].…”

The influence of osteogenic differentiation on the stem-like properties of adipose derived stem cells – an RT-qPCR study

“…Due to its qualities, adipose tissue has been studied in many different medical fields and is thought to be a powerful source of stem cells. The capability of ADSCs to differentiate towards various cell lineages and the opportunity of directing this differentiation, increases their possible clinical applications and their employability in different therapies and treatments of diseases [10].…”