Current developments and perspectives in psoriasis

Abstract

The study of psoriasis has yielded fundamental new insights into immunologic regulation and innovative therapies in a way that few other diseases have. In this review, we summarize the main features of current psoriasis research with emphasis on pathophysiological processes and the milestones in the approval of various biologics and small molecule drugs. Thus, through psoriasis research, we are gaining a better understanding of the interplay between the components of the innate and adaptive immune systems. New therapeutics interfere with crucial regulatory networks. Based on current knowledge, we outline what we believe to be some of the most important future research directions and therapeutic and clinical developments in psoriasis. These span multiple areas, ranging from the study of genetic, epigenetic, cellular, and immunological mechanisms to studies of particular clinical forms of psoriasis, individual systemic effects of the disease and its treatment, and the incorporation of large connected data sets and artificial intelligence. The goal is to understand psoriasis holistically, from the molecular to the organismic and societal levels, in order to develop individualized prevention and treatment strategies. Despite impressive progress, psoriasis research must continue to evolve at both the smallest and largest scales to comprehensively address the needs of both physicians and patients.

Basic principles of artificial intelligence in dermatology explained using melanoma

“…54 In addition, increasingly available diagnostics at the molecular level can benefit from the use of artificial intelligence, as it can be used to identify and evaluate patterns -many times too complex for human assessment. 55,56 Telemedicine serves as an example of a possibility to help patients without risking the spread of infections as in the COVID-19 pandemic. 57 While also emerging in other fields, telemedicine is very promising in dermatology, especially in regard to managing and triaging skin cancer patients.…”

Exosomes: The emerging mechanisms and potential clinical applications in dermatology

“…Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by erythematous plaques, scaling, and pruritus. The main pathological manifestations are the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes and immune dysregulation (17). Immune cells are infiltrated in psoriatic lesions, including macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and neutrophils.…”

Entwicklung der Patientencharakteristika und der Wirksamkeit der Biologika‐Therapie bei Patienten des Österreichischen Psoriasis‐Registers von 2004 bis 2022

“…Dennoch gaben kürzlich 59,3 % der Psoriasis‐Patienten an, nur mäßig oder sogar weniger zufrieden mit ihrer Behandlung zu sein, trotz einer großen Auswahl an wirksamen Therapien 32 . Daher ist weitere Forschung erforderlich, um eine individualisierte Behandlung zu ermöglichen, die die Entwicklung des immunologischen Gedächtnisses, des individuellen Transkriptoms und epigenetischen Veränderungen berücksichtigt 33 …”