Current diagnostic approaches to detect two important betacoronaviruses: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Chong, Zhi Xiong; Liew, Winnie-Pui-Pui; Ong, Hui Kian; Yong, Chean Yeah; Shit, Chong Seng; Ho, Wan Yong; Ng, Stephanie; Yeap, Swee Keong

doi:10.1016/j.prp.2021.153565

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 284 publications

(641 reference statements)

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“…The specificity of our detection system was further validated using four non-target proteins: MERS-CoV S glycoprotein, SARS-CoV-2 N protein, influenza HA peptide, and HSA ( Figure 4 ). MERS-CoV belongs to the same genera of β-CoV and has a similar S glycoprotein to SARS-CoV-2 that mediates viral attachment and infection in the host cell and a genome size of about 30,000 nucleotides ( Chong et al., 2021 ). SARS-CoV-2 encodes the N structural protein, and SARS-CoV-2 infection causes viral genomic RNA to bind to the N protein, generating a ribonucleoprotein complex, which folds into a helical shape and attaches to the viral N protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme linked oligonucleotide assay for the sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants

David

Kanayeva²

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The exponential spread of COVID-19 has prompted the need to develop a simple and sensitive diagnostic tool. Aptamer-based detection assays like ELONA are promising since they are inexpensive and sensitive. Aptamers have advantages over antibodies in wide modification, small size, in vitro selection, and stability under stringent conditions, which aid in scalable and reliable detection. In this work, we used aptamers against SARS-CoV-2 RBD S protein to design a simple and sensitive ELONA detection tool. Screening CoV2-RBD-1C and CoV2-RBD-4C aptamers and optimizing assay conditions led to the development of a direct ELONA that can detect SARS-CoV-2 RBD S glycoprotein in buffer solution and 0.1 % human nasal fluid with a detection limit of 2.16 ng/mL and 1.02 ng/mL, respectively. We detected inactivated Alpha, Wuhan, and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 with the detection limit of 3.73, 5.72, and 6.02 TCID50/mL, respectively. Using the two aptamers as capture and reporter elements, we designed a more sensitive sandwich assay to identify the three SARS-CoV-2 variants employed in this research. As predicted, a lower detection limit was obtained. Sandwich assay LOD was 2.31 TCID50/mL for Alpha, 1.15 TCID50/mL for Wuhan, and 2.96 TCID50/mL for Delta. The sensitivity of sandwich ELONA was validated using Alpha and Wuhan variants spiked in 0.1% human nasal fluid sample condition and were detected in 1.41 and 1.79 TCID50/mL LOD, respectively. SEM was used to visualize the presence of viral particles in the Delta variant sample. The effective detection of SARS-CoV-2 in this study confirms the potential of our aptamer-based technique as a screening tool.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme linked oligonucleotide assay for the sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants

David

Kanayeva²

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…It is possible that the population was infected long before the test and was not in a period of infection despite a positive PCR result. [19][20][21] Based on this, it is important to develop a study to determine the gold standard for reliable diagnostic tests to be applied in the initial screening of cases. The results of this study indicate that the chest x-ray AP with the interpretation of pneumonia has an OR value of 0.31, this indicates that the chest X-ray results also cannot be a reliable diagnostic examination in the early screening phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Chest X-ray potency as a gold standard candidate for early screening of clinical diagnosis for COVID-19 infection

Santoso

Budianto

Setiawan

et al. 2022

ijhs

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Performing a chest X-ray in an anteroposterior (AP) play an importance role in suppporting the diagnosis COVID-19 infection related to alveolar injury. Positive PCR does not always mean that one person can transmit the COVID-19 infection to another person, because the virus cannot be transmitted when cell culture shows that the virus is not able to prouce in the cells. The aim of this study aims to analyze the potential of chest X-ray examination as a gold standard candidate for the early phase of COVID-19 diagnosis at Dr Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang. Total 325 data on eligible patients who were treated in the COVID-19 intensive room were recapitulated and analyzed using a retrospective cohort design. The results of the PCR examination as the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are projected on the chest X-ray AP feature. Logistic regression analysis was performed to describe the sensitivity of chest X-ray AP for COVID-19 diagnosis. The findings of this study indicate that pneumonia increased the risk of positive COVID-19 0.3 higher than patients who did not show pneumonia.

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“…MERS-CoV has the same structure proteins as two previously known groups of coronaviruses. However, the fatality rate of MERS-CoV infection is about 35%, which is higher than the SARS-CoV-1 (around 11%) [ 37 ].…”

Section: Aunp-based Sensing Methods For Detection Of Coronavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

AuNP-based biosensors for the diagnosis of pathogenic human coronaviruses: COVID-19 pandemic developments

2022

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The outbreak rate of human coronaviruses (CoVs) especially highly pathogenic CoVs is increasing alarmingly. Early detection of these viruses allows treatment interventions to be provided more quickly to people at higher risk, as well as helping to identify asymptomatic carriers and isolate them as quickly as possible, thus preventing the disease transmission chain. The current diagnostic methods such as RT-PCR are not ideal due to high cost, low accuracy, low speed, and probability of false results. Therefore, a reliable and accurate method for the detection of CoVs in biofluids can become a front-line tool in order to deal with the spread of these deadly viruses. Currently, the nanomaterial-based sensing devices for detection of human coronaviruses from laboratory diagnosis to point-of-care (PoC) diagnosis are progressing rapidly. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have revolutionized the field of biosensors because of the outstanding optical and electrochemical properties. In this review paper, a detailed overview of AuNP-based biosensing strategies with the varied transducers (electrochemical, optical, etc.) and also different biomarkers (protein antigens and nucleic acids) was presented for the detection of human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and MERS-CoV and lowly pathogenic CoVs. The present review highlights the newest trends in the SARS-CoV-2 nanobiosensors from the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic until 2022. We hope that the presented examples in this review paper convince readers that AuNPs are a suitable platform for the designing of biosensors. Graphical abstract

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Current diagnostic approaches to detect two important betacoronaviruses: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Cited by 10 publications

References 284 publications

Enzyme linked oligonucleotide assay for the sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants

Enzyme linked oligonucleotide assay for the sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants

Revisiting Chest X-ray potency as a gold standard candidate for early screening of clinical diagnosis for COVID-19 infection

AuNP-based biosensors for the diagnosis of pathogenic human coronaviruses: COVID-19 pandemic developments

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