Current Drugs to Treat Infections with Herpes Simplex Viruses-1 and -2

Sadowski, Lauren A.; Upadhyay, Rista; Greeley, Zachary W.; Margulies, Barry J.

doi:10.3390/v13071228

Cited by 80 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…A turn-off or modulation mechanism could avoid major adverse events in patients. The unrestricted replication of oHSV can be prevented by current antiviral drugs such as acyclovir or its analogs [ 186 ], but we currently do not have turn-off strategies for major immune-related adverse events.…”

Section: Future Priorities For Therapeutic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Cancer Vaccination and Immunovirotherapy Using Oncolytic HSV

Jahan

Ghouse

Martuza

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can be genetically altered to acquire oncolytic properties so that oncolytic HSV (oHSV) preferentially replicates in and kills cancer cells, while sparing normal cells, and inducing anti-tumor immune responses. Over the last three decades, a better understanding of HSV genes and functions, and improved genetic-engineering techniques led to the development of oHSV as a novel immunovirotherapy. The concept of in situ cancer vaccination (ISCV) was first introduced when oHSV was found to induce a specific systemic anti-tumor immune response with an abscopal effect on non-injected tumors, in the process of directly killing tumor cells. Thus, the use of oHSV for tumor vaccination in situ is antigen-agnostic. The research and development of oHSVs have moved rapidly, with the field of oncolytic viruses invigorated by the FDA/EMA approval of oHSV talimogene laherparepvec in 2015 for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Immunovirotherapy can be enhanced by arming oHSV with immunomodulatory transgenes and/or using them in combination with other chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents. This review offers an overview of the development of oHSV as an agent for ISCV against solid tumors, describing the multitude of different oHSVs and their efficacy in immunocompetent mouse models and in clinical trials.

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Section: Future Priorities For Therapeutic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Cancer Vaccination and Immunovirotherapy Using Oncolytic HSV

Jahan

Ghouse

Martuza

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…It is highly necessary to explore all the possibilities to obtain antiviral agents from natural sources in order to develop novel types of antiviral drugs, which allow a combined therapy to treat HSV infections by targeting different steps in the virus life-cycle, such as the entry inhibitors that have recently emerged as new promising drugs [40]. Thus, scientific knowledge in the search for natural products with the potential to produce possible antiviral agents (i.e., oligosaccharides), able to inhibit viral infections is substantial; it is even known that natural products present a broad antiviral spectrum and have the advantage to reduce drug resistance and secondary undesirable effects, since current approved drugs are completely synthetic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweed Strandings as Renewable Source for Potential Antivirals against Herpes simplex Virus 1

et al. 2022

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Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) remains a prominent health concern widespread all over the world. The increasing genital infections by HSV-1 that might facilitate acquisition and transmission of HIV-1, the cumulative evidence that HSV-1 promotes neurodegenerative disorders, and the emergence of drug resistance signify the need for new antiviral agents. In this study, the in vitro anti-herpetic activity of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) extracted by enzyme or hot water from seaweeds collected in France and Mexico from stranding events, were evaluated. The anti-herpetic activity evaluation of the semi-refined-polysaccharides (sr-SPs) and different ion exchange purified fractions showed a wide range of antiviral activity. Among them, the sr-SPs from the Rhodophyta Halymenia floresii showed stronger activity EC50 0.68 μg/mL with SI 1470, without cytotoxicity. Further, the antiviral activity of the sr-SPs evaluated at different treatment schemes showed a high EC50 of 0.38 μg/mL during the viral adsorption assays when the polysaccharide and the virus were added simultaneously, whilst the protection on Vero cell during the post-infection assay was effective up to 1 h. The chemical composition, FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic, and molecular weights of the sr-SPs from H. floresii were determined and discussed based on the anti-herpetic activity. The potential utilization of seaweed stranding as a source of antiviral compounds is addressed.

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“…The phosphonates, namely compounds bearing P–C bonds, are important molecules used in biochemistry and medicine as enzyme inhibitors (for example, FOSCAVIR ® , the sodium salt of foscarnet (phosphonoformate), is used for the treatment of infections caused by herpes simplex virus) [ 1 ]. Certain organophosphonates used as chemical warfare agents (nerve agents) ( Figure 1 ) have considerable toxicological properties and are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements, Variations and Biomedical Applications of the Michaelis–Arbuzov Reaction

Kostoudi

Pampalakis

2022

IJMS

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Compounds bearing the phosphorus–carbon (P–C) bond have important pharmacological, biochemical, and toxicological properties. Historically, the most notable reaction for the formation of the P–C bond is the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction, first described in 1898. The classical Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction entails a reaction between an alkyl halide and a trialkyl phosphite to yield a dialkylalkylphosphonate. Nonetheless, deviations from the classical mechanisms and new modifications have appeared that allowed the expansion of the library of reactants and consequently the chemical space of the yielded products. These involve the use of Lewis acid catalysts, green methods, ultrasound, microwave, photochemically-assisted reactions, aryne-based reactions, etc. Here, a detailed presentation of the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction and its developments and applications in the synthesis of biomedically important agents is provided. Certain examples of such applications include the development of alkylphosphonofluoridates as serine hydrolase inhibitors and activity-based probes, and the P–C containing antiviral and anticancer agents.

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Current Drugs to Treat Infections with Herpes Simplex Viruses-1 and -2

Cited by 80 publications

References 81 publications

In Situ Cancer Vaccination and Immunovirotherapy Using Oncolytic HSV

In Situ Cancer Vaccination and Immunovirotherapy Using Oncolytic HSV

Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweed Strandings as Renewable Source for Potential Antivirals against Herpes simplex Virus 1

Improvements, Variations and Biomedical Applications of the Michaelis–Arbuzov Reaction

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