Current energy state interacts with the developmental environment to influence behavioural plasticity

Royauté, Raphaël; Garrison, Courtney R.; Dalos, Jeremy; Berdal, Monica Anderson; Dochtermann, Ned A.

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.11.013

Cited by 27 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…While leopard geckos and banded crickets have overlapping geographic ranges, we considered any behavioral response to be a general response to predators given that our geckos were obtained from stock derived from commercial breeders and our crickets were from a population outside its native range. Leopard geckos regularly eat this species of cricket and we have previously documented behavioral responses of other Gryllid crickets to cues of gecko presence (Royauté & Dochtermann, 2017; Royauté et al., 2019, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Following Royauté et al. (2019), we fit (a) a model where among‐ and within‐individual variances were constrained to be the same before and after exposure, (b) a model where among‐individual variances differed before and after exposure but within‐individual variances remained the same, (c) a model where within‐individual variances differed but among‐individual variances did not change, and (d) a model where both among‐ and within‐individual variances differed before and after exposure. The four models were compared using Deviance Information Criterion scores (DIC) to determine which model structure best fit the data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of exposure to predators on personality and plasticity

Bucklaew

Dochtermann

2020

Ethology

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Past experiences are known to affect average behavior but effects on animal personality and plasticity are less well studied. To determine whether experience with predators influences these aspects, we compared the behavior of Gryllodes sigillatus before and after exposure to live predators. We found that emergence from shelter and distance moved during open-field trials (activity) changed after exposure, with individuals becoming less likely to emerge from shelters but more active when deprived of shelter. We also found that behavioral plasticity in activity increased after exposure to predators. Our results demonstrate that experience with predators affects not only the average behavior of individuals but also how individuals differ from their own prior behavior.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of exposure to predators on personality and plasticity

Bucklaew

Dochtermann

2020

Ethology

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“…While a recent meta‐analysis of variance has shown that diet restriction can increase variation in longevity (Senior et al ., 2017), another has shown little evidence of environmental stress (including diet restriction) effects on phenotypic behavioural variance (Sánchez‐Tójar et al ., 2020). Furthermore, case studies have shown increased within‐individual behavioural variation in high‐condition animals, via an increased capacity to express behavioural plasticity (Royauté & Dochtermann, 2017; Royauté et al ., 2019). Conversely, it is conceivable that extremely poor conditions may lead to the expression of cryptic genetic variation, and thus increased variation in state and behaviour among low‐condition individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor nutritional condition promotes high‐risk behaviours: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2020

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Animal behaviour can lead to varying levels of risk, and an individual's physical condition can alter the potential costs and benefits of undertaking risky behaviours. How risk‐taking behaviour depends on condition is subject to contrasting hypotheses. The asset protection principle proposes that individuals in better condition should be more risk averse, as they have higher future reproductive potential (i.e. more to lose). The state‐dependent safety hypothesis proposes that high‐condition individuals that are more likely to survive and maximise the benefits of risky situations may make apparently riskier choices, as their individual risk is in fact lower. We systematically searched for studies that experimentally manipulated animals’ nutritional or energetic condition through diet treatments, and subsequently measured risk‐taking behaviour in contexts relating to predation, novelty and exploration. Our meta‐analysis quantified condition effects on risk‐taking behaviour at both the mean and variance level. We preregistered our methods and hypotheses prior to conducting the study. Phylogenetic multilevel meta‐analysis revealed that the lower‐nutritional‐condition individuals showed on average ca. 26% greater tendency towards risk than high‐condition individuals (95% confidence interval: 15–38%; N = 126 studies, 1297 effect sizes). Meta‐regressions revealed several factors influencing the overall effect, such as the experimental context used to measure risk‐taking behaviour, and the life stage when condition was manipulated. Meta‐analysis of variance revealed no clear overall effect of condition on behavioural variance (on average ca. 3% decrease in variance in low‐ versus high‐condition groups; 95% confidence interval: −8 to 3%; N = 119 studies, 1235 effect sizes), however, the experimental context was an important factor influencing the strength and direction of the variance effect. Our comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis provide insights into the roles of state dependency and plasticity in intraspecific behavioural variation. While heterogeneity among effect sizes was high, our results show that poor nutritional state on average increases risk taking in ecological contexts involving predation, novelty and exploration.

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“…We specified four different mixed models corresponding to the four different possibilities by which variance components may differ (see also Royauté et al 2019):…”

Section: Frequentist Hlm With Aic Model Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a model where only the among-unit variance differs by environment can be compared to a null model where the among and within-unit variance are kept constant across environments(Royauté et al 2019). These models can be estimated within a frequentist framework via restricted maximum likelihood or a Bayesian framework and suitable decision criteria can be used to determine which model best fits the data.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparing ecological and evolutionary variability within datasets

Royauté¹,

Dochtermann²

2020

Preprint

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Variance ratios—including heritability, repeatability, and individual resource specialization—are an integral part of evolutionary ecology. Understanding evolutionary and ecological processes, and how these processes may differ among populations and environments, can require the comparison of these ratios across groups. Unfortunately, inference based on comparisons of ratios is limited because groups can differ due to differences in the numerator, denominator, or both. Moreover, we suggest that evolutionary ecologists are almost always more interested in specific variance component differences among groups rather than in differences in variance ratios per se. Unfortunately, recommendations for how to infer whether groups differ are not clear in the literature. Here we show how questions regarding variance components and how they vary among groups can be asked using Hierarchical Linear Model approaches (HLMs). Using simulations, we demonstrate that both frequentist and Bayesian frameworks have similar abilities to infer differences in variance components. Our simulations also show that scenarios where differences occur at higher levels of organization can be difficult to detect at low sample sizes. We conclude by providing guidelines for how to report and draw inferences based on comparisons of variance components and variance ratios.

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Current energy state interacts with the developmental environment to influence behavioural plasticity

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

The effects of exposure to predators on personality and plasticity

The effects of exposure to predators on personality and plasticity

Poor nutritional condition promotes high‐risk behaviours: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Comparing ecological and evolutionary variability within datasets

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