Current Evidence and Possible Future Applications of Creatine Supplementation for Older Adults

Candow, Darren G.; Forbes, Scott C.; Kirk, Ben; Duque, Gustavo

doi:10.3390/nu13030745

Cited by 36 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Although none of the studies included in any of the meta-analyses were powdered to directly examine the effects of creatine vs. placebo in older adults diagnosed with sarcopenia, sub-analyses from three studies showed that the combination of creatine and resistance training eliminated the classification of sarcopenia in 11 older adults [20,23,26]. Creatine supplementation may augment lean tissue mass and strength through various mechanisms [3,4,10,32,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The age-related decrease in lean tissue mass and strength are two main factors that contribute to the development of sarcopenia [1]. Approximately 10% of the adult population ≥60 years of age has sarcopenia [2], which has a profound negative effect on functional independence and overall quality of life [3]. Furthermore, sarcopenia is associated with other age-related diseases and health conditions such as osteoporosis and physical frailty [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 10% of the adult population ≥60 years of age has sarcopenia [2], which has a profound negative effect on functional independence and overall quality of life [3]. Furthermore, sarcopenia is associated with other age-related diseases and health conditions such as osteoporosis and physical frailty [3,4]. Several lines of research suggest that sarcopenia is caused by age-related changes in muscle protein kinetics, neuromuscular function and physiology, skeletal muscle morphology, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysregulation [1,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several lines of research suggest that sarcopenia is caused by age-related changes in muscle protein kinetics, neuromuscular function and physiology, skeletal muscle morphology, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysregulation [1,5,6]. In addition to these cellular and mechanistic changes, insufficient physical activity and nutritional intake also contribute to sarcopenia [3,7]. Interestingly, dietary intake of creatine, a key component for muscular bioenergetics, decreases with age [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of creatine supplementation and resistance training has the potential to serve as an effective countermeasure to the age-related loss in lean tissue mass and strength, possibly by influencing anaerobic energy metabolism, calcium and glycogen regulation, muscle protein kinetics, inflammation and oxidative stress [3,9,10]. However, results from individual studies (n = 20) are mixed, with 10 studies showing beneficial effects on measures of lean tissue mass and/or strength (leg press, chest press) while 10 studies found no greater benefit from creatine vs. placebo (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults

et al. 2021

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Creatine supplementation in conjunction with resistance training (RT) augments gains in lean tissue mass and strength in aging adults; however, there is a large amount of heterogeneity between individual studies that may be related to creatine ingestion strategies. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to (1) perform updated meta-analyses comparing creatine vs. placebo (independent of dosage and frequency of ingestion) during a resistance training program on measures of lean tissue mass and strength, (2) perform meta-analyses examining the effects of different creatine dosing strategies (lower: ≤5 g/day and higher: >5 g/day), with and without a creatine-loading phase (≥20 g/day for 5–7 days), and (3) perform meta-analyses determining whether creatine supplementation only on resistance training days influences measures of lean tissue mass and strength. Overall, creatine (independent of dosing strategy) augments lean tissue mass and strength increase from RT vs. placebo. Subanalyses showed that creatine-loading followed by lower-dose creatine (≤5 g/day) increased chest press strength vs. placebo. Higher-dose creatine (>5 g/day), with and without a creatine-loading phase, produced significant gains in leg press strength vs. placebo. However, when studies involving a creatine-loading phase were excluded from the analyses, creatine had no greater effect on chest press or leg press strength vs. placebo. Finally, creatine supplementation only on resistance training days significantly increased measures of lean tissue mass and strength vs. placebo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults

et al. 2021

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Ucp1 Ablation Improves Skeletal Muscle Glycolytic Function in Aging Mice

Qiu,

Guo,

Guo

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Muscular atrophy is among the systematic decline in organ functions in aging, while defective thermogenic fat functionality precedes these anomalies. The potential crosstalk between adipose tissue and muscle during aging is poorly understood. In this study, it is showed that UCP1 knockout (KO) mice characterized deteriorated brown adipose tissue (BAT) function in aging, yet their glucose homeostasis is sustained and energy expenditure is increased, possibly compensated by improved inguinal adipose tissue (iWAT) and muscle functionality compared to age‐matched WT mice. To understand the potential crosstalk, RNA‐seq and metabolomic analysis were performed on adipose tissue and muscle in aging mice and revealed that creatine levels are increased both in iWAT and muscle of UCP1 KO mice. Interestingly, molecular analysis and metabolite tracing revealed that creatine biosynthesis is increased in iWAT while creatine uptake is increased in muscle in UCP1 KO mice, suggesting creatine transportation from iWAT to muscle. Importantly, creatine analog β‐GPA abolished the differences in muscle functions between aging WT and UCP1 KO mice, while UCP1 inhibitor α‐CD improved muscle glycolytic function and glucose metabolism in aging mice. Overall, these results suggested that iWAT and skeletal muscle compensate for declined BAT function during aging via creatine metabolism to sustain metabolic homeostasis.

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Nutritional strategies for improving sarcopenia outcomes in older adults: A narrative review

Goes‐Santos,

Carson,

da Fonseca

et al. 2024

Pharmacology Res & Perspec

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Sarcopenia is characterized by a decline in muscle strength, generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, and impaired physical performance, which are common outcomes used to screen, diagnose, and determine severity of sarcopenia in older adults. These outcomes are associated with poor quality of life, increased risk of falls, hospitalization, and mortality in this population. The development of sarcopenia is underpinned by aging, but other factors can lead to sarcopenia, such as chronic diseases, physical inactivity, inadequate dietary energy intake, and reduced protein intake (nutrition‐related sarcopenia), leading to an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown. Protein digestion and absorption are also modified with age, as well as the reduced capacity of metabolizing protein, hindering older adults from achieving ideal protein consumption (i.e., 1–1.5 g/kg/day). Nutritional supplement strategies, like animal (i.e., whey protein) and plant‐based protein, leucine, and creatine have been shown to play a significant role in improving outcomes related to sarcopenia. However, the impact of other supplements (e.g., branched‐chain amino acids, isolated amino acids, and omega‐3) on sarcopenia and related outcomes remain unclear. This narrative review will discuss the evidence of the impact of these nutritional strategies on sarcopenia outcomes in older adults.

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Current Evidence and Possible Future Applications of Creatine Supplementation for Older Adults

Cited by 36 publications

References 98 publications

Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults

Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults

Ucp1 Ablation Improves Skeletal Muscle Glycolytic Function in Aging Mice

Nutritional strategies for improving sarcopenia outcomes in older adults: A narrative review

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