Current fluctuations and electron-electron interactions in coherent conductors

Galaktionov, Artem V.; Golubev, Dmitri S.; Zaikin, Andrei D.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.68.085317

Cited by 54 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…When / 2 c α = π the jumps of the density of states were smoothed. This assumption led the authors [43,51] to conclude erroneously about the absence of a «paramagnet-ic» addition to the current of the NS structure [43]. Therefore, these results cannot be conformed with the experimental findings.…”

Section: δ ≈contrasting

confidence: 45%

“…The problem of the reentrant effect was also investigated by Galaktionov and Zaikin [43] who calculated the diamagnetic response of the NS structure to the applied magnetic field on the basis of the Gorkov equations of the microscopic theory of superconductivity. It was concluded [43] that the model of free electrons cannot develop the paramagnetic reentrant effect for NS proximity systems.…”

Section: Proximity Effect and Its Influence On Coherent Quantum Phenomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was concluded [43] that the model of free electrons cannot develop the paramagnetic reentrant effect for NS proximity systems.…”

Section: Proximity Effect and Its Influence On Coherent Quantum Phenomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coherent quantum phenomena in mesoscopic metallic conductors (Review Article)

Gogadze

2010

Low Temperature Physics

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The quantum coherent phenomena in mesoscopic cylindrical metallic conductors have been considered. Pure double-and single-connected normal samples were placed in a longitudinal magnetic field, which generated interference phenomena depending on the magnetic flux through the cross-section of the conductor. The period of the induced oscillations is equal to the flux quantum hc/e of the normal metal. The quantum states are formed in the structures by collisions of the electrons with the dielectric boundary of the sample. The magnetic flux is included in the expression for the spectrum of quasiparticles. The proximity effect and its influence on the modification of the spectrum of quantum coherent phenomena have been investigated. The behavior of cylindrical samples consisting of a superconducting (S) metal with a deposited thin pure normal (N) metal layer has been analyzed. In this structure the electrons are localized in a well bounded by a dielectric on one side and by a superconductor on the other. The specific feature of the generated quantized Andreev levels is that in the varying field H (or temperature T) each of the levels in the well can coincide periodically with the chemical potential of the metal. As a result, the state of the system experiences strong degeneracy and the density of states exhibits resonance spikes of the energy of the NS sample. This makes a significant contribution to the magnetic moment. A theory of the reentrant effect for NS structures has been developed, which interprets the anomalous behavior of the magnetic susceptibility of such structures as a function of the magnetic field and temperatures.

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Section: δ ≈contrasting

confidence: 45%

Section: Proximity Effect and Its Influence On Coherent Quantum Phenomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coherent quantum phenomena in mesoscopic metallic conductors (Review Article)

Gogadze

2010

Low Temperature Physics

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“…This issue has given rise to some discussion in the literature, 15,16,23 and methods have been developed to settle the frequency-dependent case. 24,25 Thirdly, calculation of the frequency-dependent third cumulant can be used to obtain the asymptotic time dependence of the third cumulant of the charge transfer, both in the short and the long time limits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-dependent current correlation functions from scattering theory

Salo

Hekking

Pekola³

2006

Phys. Rev. B

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We present a general formalism based on scattering theory to calculate quantum correlation functions involving several time-dependent current operators. A key ingredient is the causality of the scattering matrix, which allows one to deal with arbitrary correlation functions. The formalism proves useful, e.g., in view of recent developments in full counting statistics of charge transfer, where detecting schemes have been proposed for measurement of frequency dependent spectra of higher moments. Some of these schemes are different from the well-known fictitious spin detector and therefore generally involve calculation of non-Keldysh-contourordered correlation functions. As an illustration of the approach we consider various third order correlation functions of current, including the usual third cumulant of current statistics. We investigate the frequency dependence of these correlation functions explicitly in the case of energy-independent scattering. The results can easily be generalized to the calculation of arbitrary nth order correlation functions, or to include the effect of interactions.

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“…Its frequency dependence has been described in various limits for different systems in Ref. [19]. At T = 0, the third cumulant at zero frequency is of the form S 3I = F 3 e 2 I N , and its dispersion occurs on the scale ω c = min(eV / , E T / , I/e).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Non-Gaussian Fluctuations through Incoherent Cooper-Pair Current

Heikkilä

Virtanen²,

Johansson

et al. 2004

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We study a Josephson junction (JJ) in the regime of incoherent Cooper pair tunneling, capacitively coupled to a nonequilibrium noise source. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the JJ are sensitive to the excess voltage fluctuations in the source, and can thus be used for wide-band noise detection. Under weak driving, the odd part of the I-V can be related to the second cumulant of noise, whereas the even part is due to the third cumulant. After calibration, one can measure the Fano factors for the noise source, and get information about the frequency dependence of the noise.PACS numbers: 74.40.+k,05.40.Ca,72.70.+m,74.50.+r The current in electric circuits fluctuates in time, even when driven with a constant voltage. At equilibrium or in large conductors, this current noise can be quantified using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT), which relates the magnitude of the fluctuations to the temperature T and the impedance of the circuit. Moreover, in large wires the current statistics is described by a Gaussian probability density which has only two nonzero cumulants, the average current and noise power. This situation changes for small, mesoscopic-scale resistors exhibiting shot noise [1, 2]: The noise power at low frequencies is proportional to the average current. Further, the statistics of the transmitted charge is no longer Gaussian: higher cumulants are finite, and the probability density is "skew", i.e., odd cumulants do not vanish.For small samples, the frequency scale for the shot noise is given by the voltage, eV / . Shot noise has been measured at low frequencies in many types of mesoscopic structures (see the references in [1,2]). However, there are only a few direct measurements of shot noise at high frequencies ω ∼ eV / [3], and only one of the higher (than second) cumulants [4] (at ω ≪ eV / ). One of the main reasons for the shortage of such measurements is the difficulty to couple the fluctuations to the detector at high frequencies, or to devise wide-band detection, as required for the third and higher cumulants [4,5].In this Letter, we analyze an on-chip detector of voltage fluctuations, based on capacitively coupling a noise source to a small JJ in Coulomb blockade [6]. There, the current can flow only if the environmental fluctuations provide the necessary energy to cross the blockade. In this way, the current through the small JJ provides detailed information of the voltage fluctuations in the source over a wide bandwidth. This information includes effects of a non-Gaussian ("skew") environment on a quantum system. For the measurement of the second cumulant, its characteristics compare well with the other suggested on-chip detectors [7,8,9,10,11], based on various mesoscopic devices and techniques. The detectors proposed in [10,11] detect the non-Gaussian character of the noise, but mapping the output back to the different cumulants has not been carried out. The on-chip scheme presented here is the first to directly measure the third cumulant of fluctuations. In the Gaussian r...

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Current fluctuations and electron-electron interactions in coherent conductors

Cited by 54 publications

References 29 publications

Coherent quantum phenomena in mesoscopic metallic conductors (Review Article)

Coherent quantum phenomena in mesoscopic metallic conductors (Review Article)

Frequency-dependent current correlation functions from scattering theory

Measuring Non-Gaussian Fluctuations through Incoherent Cooper-Pair Current

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