CURRENT-INDUCED FLOW THROUGH THE SPONGE,<i>HALICHONDRIA</i>

Vogel, Steven

doi:10.2307/1540461

Cited by 99 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Rather, both species decreased their volume flow rate when ambient velocities reached a certain level, which may be to reduce damage caused by high currents or resuspension of sediments during storms (Gerrodette and Flechsig, 1979;Tompkins-MacDonald and Leys, 2008;Bannister et al, 2012). We suggest that the discrepancy in our results and those of Vogel, who first described the apparent use of induced current by sponges (Vogel, 1974(Vogel, , 1977, are due to his use of excurrent velocity rather than volume flow rate and the use of individual points in time rather than a full time series. The increased excurrent velocity recorded by Vogel (1977) in the species Amphimedon viridis (referred to as Haliclona viridis), Ircinia variabilis (referred to as Ircinia fasciculata) and Aplysina fistularis (referred to as Verongia fistularis) may have been behavioural responses, as shown here in C. delitrix in which contraction of the osculum caused increased excurrent (exit) velocity, but reduced volumetric flow rate as ambient currents increased.…”

Section: Ambient Currents Do Not Enhance Excurrent Velocitycontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…Cnidarians (Best, 1988), ascidians (Young and Braithwaite, 1980;Knott et al, 2004) and brachiopods (LaBarbera, 1977) also orient their bodies to the current, while other invertebrates may take advantage of current-induced flow through tubes (Vogel, 1977;Murdock and Vogel, 1978;von Dassow, 2005;Shiino, 2010). Sponges are often considered textbook examples of the use of current-induced flow in nature (Bidder, 1923;Vogel, 1974Vogel, , 1977 but experiments to confirm this have been equivocal (Leys et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The energetic cost of filtration by demosponges and their behavioural response to ambient currents

Ludeman

Reidenbach

Leys

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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There was an error published in J. Exp. Biol. 220, 995-1007. Some values for head loss and respiration in Table 3 were carried over from an earlier version of the manuscript. The corrected table follows.The final numbers for volume flow rate, head loss, pumping power and cost of pumping remain unchanged, and there are no changes to the results and conclusions of the paper. The data available from the University of Alberta Education Resource Archive (ERA; https://doi.org/ 10.7939/R36688W8N) are correct. The authors apologise for any inconvenience this may have caused. 4743© 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 4743-4744 doi:10.1242 Journal of Experimental Biology ΔH and measured volume flow rate are used to calculate the pumping power P p using Eqn A6. The cost of pumping η (%) is then estimated using Eqn A7 from the pumping power P p and the measured respiration rate R tot . The collar slit is in bold, representing the filtration apparatus. Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 4743-4744 doi:10.1242 Journal of Experimental Biology ABSTRACT Sponges (Porifera) are abundant in most marine and freshwater ecosystems, and as suspension feeders they play a crucial role in filtering the water column. Their active pumping enables them to filter up to 900 times their body volume of water per hour, recycling nutrients and coupling a pelagic food supply with benthic communities. Despite the ecological importance of sponge filter feeding, little is known about how sponges control the water flow through their canal system or how much energy it costs to filter the water. Sponges have long been considered textbook examples of animals that use current-induced flow. We provide evidence that suggests that some species of demosponge do not use currentinduced flow; rather, they respond behaviourally to increased ambient currents by reducing the volume of water filtered. Using a morphometric model of the canal system, we also show that filter feeding may be more energetically costly than previously thought. Measurements of volumetric flow rates and oxygen removal in five species of demosponge show that pumping rates are variable within and between species, with the more oxygen consumed the greater the volume filtered. Together, these data suggest that sponges have active control over the volume of water they process, which may be an adaptation to reduce the energetic cost of filtration in times of high stress. 4744 CORRECTION

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Section: Ambient Currents Do Not Enhance Excurrent Velocitycontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The energetic cost of filtration by demosponges and their behavioural response to ambient currents

Ludeman

Reidenbach

Leys

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…It enters the cavernous framework through flow speed differences in the BBL. The resulting pressure difference between the intake openings and the elevated output openings creates a secondary flow through the cavity system, much like the wind-induced ventilation of termite mounds (Weir 1973) or the current-induced flow through living sponges (Vogel 1974(Vogel , 1977. It should be noted that the direction of flow is not so important as the speed difference between intake and exhaust.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavity-dwelling suspension feeders in coral reefs - a new link in reef trophodynamics

Richter¹,

Wunsch²

1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The small-scale distributions of chlorophyll a (chl a ) , pheopigments, oxygen and currents were determined in horizontal sect~ons between coral reef cavities and benthlc boundary layer waters (BBL) to estimate rates of grazing and respiration by cryptic cavity-dwelling (coelobite) suspension feeders. We investigated 0.5 to 5 m long and 0.1 to I m wide cavities in fringing reefs on the western coast of the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), between 2 and 16 m depth. Within cavit~es net currents averaged 0.9 cm S-', or 22"1, of the current speed measured in BBL -2 m away from the reef. In spite of rapid flushing of cavity waters within a few minutes, we encountered significant chl a and oxygen depletions relative to BBL, particularly under oligotrophic conditions Chl a depletions amounted, on average, to 0.10 + 0.03 mg m-3 (median + median absolute deviation [MAD]) or 54 % (max. 86 %) of BBL values and showed a positive relation to coelobite suspension feeder densities. Pheopigments, by contrast, remained remarkably constant, indicating selective grazing of the mainly picoplankton-sized food. Oxygen depletions were weak and mainly related to flushing. In sack-shaped cavities they amounted to 13.6 + 6.1 mm01 m-3 or 3 to 9% of BBL concentrations. Analyses of water flow and chl a distributions show that under ollgotroph~c summer conditions 0.7 g C m-' d-' of phytoplankton disappears within the upper 1 m of cavernous reef framework. This conservat~ve estimate is about 1 order of magnitude higher than grazing rates of coral-dominated communities on the exposed reef, rendering cryptofauna suspension feeding an important and new pathway of extrinsic organic matter into coral reefs.

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“…This artifact is generated by higher ambient water velocities away from the boundary at the outlet of the sampler (Bernoulli effect, Vogel 1974). Various capping devices and configurations aimed to offset this effect were tested in the flow tank with no success.…”

Section: Ccd-v700e) Mounted In Front Of the Excurrent Model Was Used mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These attempts have relied mostly on the use of hot wire or hot film thermistors (Reiswig 1974;Vogel 1974Vogel , 1977Fiala-Medioni 1978a;Savarese et al 1997). These instruments allow a continuous record of excurrent velocity but estimates of water transport rates require additional information on aperture area and ambient flow (Fiala-Medioni 1978b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Untitled

2005

Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods

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Sponges, bivalves, and tunicates play an important role in the trophic dynamics of many benthic communities. However, direct in situ measurements of their diet composition, filtration, and excretion rates are lacking for most species, and knowledge of these rates is based mostly on indirect, in vitro measurements. This paper presents and evaluates an in situ, nonintrusive technique of direct measurement of the rate and efficiency by which an active suspension feeder removes (or discharges) substances from (to) the water it filters. The technique, termed "InEx," is based on the simultaneous, pair-wise collection of the water inhaled and exhaled by the animal. It was specifically adapted to allow reliable sampling of common, small suspension feeders with excurrent aperture as small as 2 mm. The difference in concentrations of a certain substance between a pair of samples provides a measure of the retention (or production) of the substance by the animal. Calculations of feeding (or production) rates are obtained through multiplying the concentration difference by the pumping rate. The latter is concurrently measured by recording the movement of a dye front in a transparent tube positioned within the excurrent jet. An important quality of the InEx technique is that it does not manipulate the studied organisms and thus allows realistic estimates of the organism's performance under natural conditions. Preliminary results showing the diet composition, feeding rates, and removal efficiencies of some coral reef sponges, bivalves, and tunicates are presented and discussed.

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CURRENT-INDUCED FLOW THROUGH THE SPONGE,HALICHONDRIA

Cited by 99 publications

References 11 publications

The energetic cost of filtration by demosponges and their behavioural response to ambient currents

The energetic cost of filtration by demosponges and their behavioural response to ambient currents

Cavity-dwelling suspension feeders in coral reefs - a new link in reef trophodynamics

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