Current Issues Concerning the Role of Oxidative Stress in Aging: A Perspective

Sohal, Rajindar S.; Mockett, Robin J.; Orr, William C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-48003-7_3

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Alternatively, this extended longevity has been proposed to result from a reduction in metabolic rate (Van Voorhies & Ward 1999). Factors that reduce metabolic rate also generally increase the ability of the organism to withstand stress (Sohal et al 2000). Although the daf-2 mutant studied here had a mean longevity twice that of wild-type under laboratory conditions on agar, they were shorter-lived than wildtype under more natural conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The longevity ofCaenorhabditis elegansin soil

2005

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Relatively simple model organisms such as yeast, fruit-flies and the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans , have proven to be invaluable resources in biological studies. An example is the widespread use of C. elegans to investigate the complex process of ageing. An important issue when interpreting results from these studies is the similarity of the observed C. elegans mortality pattern in the laboratory to that expected in its natural environment. We found that the longevity of C. elegans under more natural conditions is reduced up to 10‐fold compared with standard laboratory culture conditions. Additionally, C. elegans mutants that live twice as long as wild-type worms in laboratory conditions typically die sooner than wild-type worms in a natural soil. These results indicate that conclusions regarding extended longevity drawn from standard laboratory assays may not extend to animals in their native environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The longevity ofCaenorhabditis elegansin soil

2005

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“…Oxidative stress as well as gene expression profile has been identified as causal factors in the aging process (Harman 1981;Ames et al 1993;Sohal et al 2000).The brain is especially vulnerable to the oxidative damage as a result of its high oxygen consumption rate, its abundant lipid content and the relative paucity of anti-oxidant enzymes compared to other tissues. The effect of estrogen and DHEA on aging brain enzymes are presented in (Tables 3, 6).…”

Section: Effect Of Aging and Estrogen On Neuronal Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A metabolic and functional overview of brain aging linked to neurological disorders

et al. 2009

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Close correlations have recently been shown among the late onset complications encountered in diabetes and aging linked to neurobiological disorders. Aging in females and males is considered as the end of natural protection against age related diseases like osteoporosis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, dementia, cognitive dysfunction and hypernatremia. Beside the sex hormones other hormonal changes are also known to occur during aging and many common problems encountered in the aging process can be related to neuroendocrine phenomena. Diabetes mellitus is associated with moderate cognitive deficits and neurophysiologic and structural changes in the brain, a condition that may be referred to as diabetes encephalopathy; diabetes increases the risk of dementia especially in the elderly. The current view is that the diabetic brain features many symptoms that are best described as accelerated brain aging. This review presents and compares biochemical, physiological, electrophysiological, molecular, and pathological data from neuronal tissue of aging and hormone treated control and diabetic animals to arrive at the similarities among the two naturally occuring physiological conditions. Animal models can make a substantial contribution to understanding of the pathogenesis, which share many features with mechanism underlying brain aging. By studying the pathogenesis, targets for pharmacology can be identified, finally leading to delay or prevention of these complications. Antiaging strategies using hormone therapy, chemical and herbal compounds were carried out for reversal of aging effects. Neuronal markers have been presented in this review and similarities in changes were seen among the aging, diabetes and hormone treated (estrogen, DHEA and insulin) brains from these animals. A close correlation was observed in parameters like oxidative stress, enzyme changes, and pathological changes like lipofuscin accumulation in aging and diabetic brain.

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“…The hypothesis states that the ability to prevent or repair such damage is not perfect and with age there is an accumulation of damage in these macromolecules. (18,19,45) The accumulation of oxidative damage is postulated to be the cause of the deleterious processes of aging-the rate of accumulation of oxidative damage therefore determines the rate of aging. In support of this idea is an enormous body of correlative information in many different organisms, ranging from mammals to insects, showing a relationship between the rate and amount of oxygen radical formation, accumulation of oxidative damage, and aging.…”

Section: Drosophila and The Oxidative Stress Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In support of this idea is an enormous body of correlative information in many different organisms, ranging from mammals to insects, showing a relationship between the rate and amount of oxygen radical formation, accumulation of oxidative damage, and aging. (19,45) Drosophila molecular genetics has been recruited to attempt to test the causal relationship between oxidative stress and aging. Mutations or overexpression techniques can be used to increase or decrease the levels of enzymes involved in the detoxification of oxygen radicals in vivo, directly testing the effects of altering levels of oxygen damage on life span.…”

Section: Drosophila and The Oxidative Stress Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular genetics of aging in the fly: Is this the end of the beginning?

Helfand

Rogina

2003

BioEssays

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How we age and what we can do about it have been uppermost in human thought since antiquity. The many false starts have frustrated experimentalists and theoretical arguments pronouncing the inevitability of the process have created a nihilistic climate among scientists and the public. The identification of single gene alterations that substantially extend life span in nematodes and flies however, have begun to reinvigorate the field. Drosophila's long history of contributions to aging research, rich storehouse of genetic information, and powerful molecular techniques make it an excellent system for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the process of aging. In recent years, Drosophila has been used to test current theories on aging and explore new directions of potential importance to the biology of aging. One such example is the surprising finding that, as opposed to the commonly held assumption that adult life is a period of random passive decline in which all things are thought to fall apart, the molecular life of the adult fly appears to be a state of dynamic well-regulated change. In the fly, the level of expression of many different genes changes in an invariant, often age-dependent, manner. These as well as other molecular genetic studies and demographic analyses using the fly have begun to challenge widely held ideas about aging providing evidence that aging may be a much more dynamic and malleable process than anticipated. With the enormous success that Drosophila molecular genetics has demonstrated in helping understand complex biological phenomena such as development there is much optimism that similar approaches can be adapted to assist in understanding the process of aging.

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Current Issues Concerning the Role of Oxidative Stress in Aging: A Perspective

Cited by 43 publications

References 95 publications

The longevity ofCaenorhabditis elegansin soil

The longevity ofCaenorhabditis elegansin soil

A metabolic and functional overview of brain aging linked to neurological disorders

Molecular genetics of aging in the fly: Is this the end of the beginning?

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