Current knowledge and future research opportunities for modeling annual crop mixtures. A review

Gaudio, Noémie; Escobar‐Gutiérrez, Abraham J.; Casadebaig, Pierre; Evers, Jochem B.; Gérard, Frédéric; Louarn, Gaëtan; Colbach, Nathalie; Munz, Sebastian; Launay, Marie; Marrou, Hélène; Barillot, Romain; Hinsinger, Philippe; Bergez, Jacques-Eric; Combes, Didier; Durand, Jean Louis; Frak, Ela; Pagès, Loïc; Pradal, Christophe; Saint‐Jean, Sébastien; Werf, Wopke Van der; Justes, Éric

doi:10.1007/s13593-019-0562-6

Cited by 83 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 184 publications

(247 reference statements)

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“…In these equations, LAI t,u is the portion of the LAI of the taller plant in the upper layer, and LAI t,l is the portion of the LAI in the lower layer. The compressed form of Equations (10) and (11) can be obtained similarly, replacing the homogeneous plant LAI by the respective LAI for the compressed canopy (LAI c ).…”

Section: Radiation Interceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intercropping Simulation Using the SWAP Model: Development of a 2×1D Algorithm

et al. 2019

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Intercropping is a common cultivation system in sustainable agriculture, allowing crop diversity and better soil surface exploitation. Simulation of intercropped plants with integrated soil–plant–atmosphere models is a challenging procedure due to the requirement of a second spatial dimension for calculating the soil water lateral flux. Evaluations of more straightforward approaches for intercrop modeling are, therefore, mandatory. An adaptation of the 1D model Soil, Water, Atmosphere and Plant coupled to the World Food Studies (SWAP/WOFOST) to simulate intercropping (SWAP 2×1D) based on solar radiation and water partitioning between plant strips was developed and the outcomes are presented. An application of SWAP 2×1D to maize–soybean (MS) strip intercropping was evaluated against the monocropping maize (M) and soybean (S) simulated with the 1D model SWAP/WOFOST, and a sensitivity analysis of SWAP 2×1D was carried out for the intercropping MS. SWAP 2×1D was able to simulate the radiation interception by both crops in the intercropping MS and also to determine the effect of the radiation attenuation by maize on soybean plants. Intercropped plants presented higher transpiration and resulted in lower soil evaporation when compared to their equivalent monocropping cultivation. A numerical issue involving model instability caused by the simulated lateral water flux in the soil from one strip to the other was solved. The most sensitive plant parameters were those related to the taller plant strips in the intercropping, and soil retention curve parameters were overall all significantly sensitive for the water balance simulation. This implementation of the SWAP model presents an opportunity to simulate strip intercropping with a limited number of parameters, including the partitioning of radiation by a well-validated radiation sharing model and of soil water by simulating the lateral soil water fluxes between strips in the 2×1D environment.

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Section: Radiation Interceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Models for intercropping systems have been developed using several approaches [10] simulating the competition of intercrop plants mainly for water and radiation. The competition for radiation by intercropped plants is, however, the main process taken into account in modeling studies [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercropping Simulation Using the SWAP Model: Development of a 2×1D Algorithm

et al. 2019

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“…However, when the intercrop is fertilized with N, cereals have a competitive advantage over legumes and complementarity for resource use is replaced with strong interspecific competition from the cereal over the legume. Thus, intercrop design should focus on two key points: i) plant family, characterized by their competitive ability (Goldberg, 1990); and ii) characteristics of the two intercropped species and their capacity to compete for limiting resources depending on the plant neighborhood (Gaudio et al, 2019;Stoll & Weiner, 2000). The relaxation of competitive interaction in intercropping situations is highlighted by the strong effect of biomass differences between the two intercropped species in grain yield production [also called fitness distance in the ecological literature; Cadotte (2017)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific interactions regulate plant reproductive allometry in cereal-legume intercropping systems

Gaudio

Violle

Gendre

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Calls for ecological principles in agriculture have gained momentum. Intercropping systems have long been designed by growing two, or more, annual crop species in the same field, aiming for a better resource use efficiency. However, assembly rules for their design are lacking. Notably, it is still unknown whether species performances are maximized during both the vegetative and reproductive phases given the sensitivity of reproductive allocation rules to resource limitation. Interestingly, ecological theory provides expectations regarding putative invariance of plant reproductive allometry (PRA) under non-limiting conditions for plant growth. Here we examined whether and how PRA changes in response to plant-plant interactions in intercropping systems, which can inform both ecological theory and the understanding of the functioning of intercropping systems. We analyzed a dataset of 28 field cereal-legume intercropping trials from various climatic and management conditions across Western Europe. PRA was quantified in both mixing and single-species situations. PRA was positively impacted in specific management conditions, leading to a greater increase in yield for a given increase in plant size. Variations in PRA were more beneficial for legumes grown in unfertilized mixture, which explains their use as a key component in actual intercrop systems. The response for cereals was similar but less pronounced in magnitude, and was greater under limiting resource conditions. Focusing on intercropping conditions, hierarchical competition (indicated by biomass difference between intercropped species) appears as a strong driver of the reproductive output of a given species. Synthesis and applications. PRA behaves in crop species in the same way as it does in wild species. However, contrary to theoretical expectations about an overall invariance of PRA, our meta-analysis highlighted taxon-specific and context-dependent effects of plant-plant interactions on PRA. This systematic deviation to PRA expectations could be leveraged to cultivate each species up to its reproductive optimum while accounting for the performance of the other, whether the farmer's objective is to favor one species or reach an equilibrium in seed production. In turn, such a dialog between agronomy and ecology is a unique opportunity to challenge the validity domain and robustness of major ecological laws.

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“…Since competition and complementarity between the species chosen interact with forage use by animals and local conditions of soil, climate, and management, expert systems have been developed to help farmers choose the most adapted mixtures (AFPF 2017a, b;Frick et al 2008;Goutiers et al 2016;Lüscher et al 2017). Recently, detailed ecophysiological models have helped decipher the influence of complex interactions of environmental variables on mixed-species yield and quality (Gaudio et al 2019;Faverjon et al 2019). More precisely, models can be used to identify important traits to consider when mixing legume and non-legume species to achieve both productivity and stability (Louarn et al 2018).…”

Section: Pasture Species Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of ley pastures in tomorrow’s cropping systems. A review

Martin

Durand

Duru

et al. 2020

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Diversification of cropping systems has been proposed as a major mechanism to move towards sustainable cropping systems. To date, a diversification option that has received little attention is introduction of ley pastures into cropping systems, but the use of ley pastures is challenged by most future-oriented scenarios aiming to feed the world sustainably. In these scenarios, ruminant livestock feed only on permanent pastures, while cropping systems focus completely on production of crop-based human food. Diversification of cropping systems with ley pastures is thus compromised by knowledge gaps and future-oriented policy options. Here, we review ecosystem services provided by introducing ley pastures into cropping systems to increase sustainability of agriculture, discuss types of ley pastures and their management liable to promote these services, and raise future challenges related to introducing ley pastures into cropping systems. We conclude that (1) ley pastures provide a large set of input (soil conservation, nutrient provision and recycling, soil water retention, biological control of pests) and output (water purification, climate regulation, habitat provision for biodiversity conservation, forage production) ecosystem services of primary importance to cropping systems and society, respectively, as long as their spatial and temporal insertion within cropping systems is well-managed; otherwise, disservices may be produced. (2) To benefit from ecosystem services provided by ley pastures in cropping systems while limiting their disservices, it appears necessary to define a safe operating space for ley pastures in cropping systems. Moving towards this space requires changing plant breeding programs towards multiservice ley pastures, producing knowledge about emerging ways of introducing ley pastures into cropping systems (e.g., living mulch, green manure) and better quantifying the bundles of ecosystem services provided by ley pastures in cropping systems.

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Current knowledge and future research opportunities for modeling annual crop mixtures. A review

Cited by 83 publications

References 184 publications

Intercropping Simulation Using the SWAP Model: Development of a 2×1D Algorithm

Intercropping Simulation Using the SWAP Model: Development of a 2×1D Algorithm

Interspecific interactions regulate plant reproductive allometry in cereal-legume intercropping systems

Role of ley pastures in tomorrow’s cropping systems. A review

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