Current knowledge on Grapevine Trunk Diseases with complex etiology: a systemic approach

Abstract

Among all causes of grapevine decline, Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) are major concerns for grape growers. This paper reviews knowledge and proposes hypotheses on two major GTDs, esca and Botryosphaeria dieback, and assembles a conceptual model. The objective was to collect information into a sequence, from grapevine nursery propagation processes, through foliar symptom expression, to plant death in mature vineyards. Pathogen infection and colonization steps in woody vine tissues, and the hypotheses that have been formulated to explain the outburst of foliar symptoms, are reported and discussed. Factors that could aggravate or repress GTD symptoms and incidence expansion are also addressed. Vine physiology and pathology together could expand understanding of these diseases. Knowledge and hypotheses that need validation are summarized, and a conceptual model is proposed to explain the occurrence of symptoms and the influencing factors. The model could be useful to cope with the complexity of GTDs, and as a starting point for research to unravel knowledge gaps and suggest new disease management strategies.

Cultivar Contributes to the Beneficial Effects of Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 and Trichoderma atroviride SC1 to Protect Grapevine Against Neofusicoccum parvum

“…Symptomatic plants develop a low or apoplectic dieback phenotype, including a low budburst rate, a poor vegetative development, external canker, and internal longitudinal necrotic lesions that can lead to a full dead branch (Larignon et al, 2001(Larignon et al, , 2009Larignon, 2004;Billones-Baaijens and Savocchia, 2019;Larach et al, 2020). Susceptibility to BD pathogens also differs between cultivars (Travadon et al, 2013;Fontaine et al, 2016a;Chacon et al, 2020;Claverie et al, 2020).…”

Endophytic Fungi as Potential Biological Control Agents against Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Alentejo Region

“…Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are the most important and destructive fungal diseases, affecting grapevines in all the major growing regions of the world [1,4,5]. These destructive diseases cause important damages every year with the need for replacement of dead grapevines worldwide and are the major causes of grapevine decline, especially in European countries [6][7][8]. GTDs are caused by wood-inhabiting fungi that cause the death of the spurs, canes, and/or cordons in mature and young plants, which impact grape and wine economic production, reducing productivity, quality, and longevity of the vineyards [7,[9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…In general, at the time of the appearance of leaf symptoms, the disease has already developed to a severe situation, which can lead, in some cases, to the death of a cordon or of the entire plant [21]. Nevertheless, some plants may remain with leaf symptoms for many years, reaching apoplexy after a heat stress situation [8]. Those fungi may live as endophytes, asymptomatically, during part of their life cycle and, at some point, modify their behavior and become pathogenic, which leads to the expression of the disease symptoms [7].…”

Untargeted and Targeted LC-MS/MS Based Metabolomics Study on In Vitro Culture of Phaeoacremonium Species

“…Over the past few decades, they have been extensively studied [4]. However, the relationship between pathogenic fungi involved in GTDs and abiotic agents, the expression of symptoms, and the lack of effective management strategies, requires further investigation [5,6]. The most common GTDs include Esca and Petri diseases, Botryosphaeria, Diaporthe and Eutypa diebacks, 2 of 18 and black foot disease [7,8].…”