Current landscape and perspective of oncolytic viruses and their combination therapies

Su, Yinghan; Su, Changqing; Qin, Lun–Xiu

doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101530

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…OVs may be natural or artificially engineered viruses. They can replicate in cancer cells, leading to the lysis ( 8 ). This phenomenon has been observed for years as a spontaneous tumour regression after viral infection in some patients.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New hopes for the breast cancer treatment: perspectives on the oncolytic virus therapy

Chowaniec,

Ślubowska,

Mroczek

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy has emerged as a promising frontier in cancer treatment, especially for solid tumours. While immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells have demonstrated impressive results, their limitations in inducing complete tumour regression have spurred researchers to explore new approaches targeting tumours resistant to current immunotherapies. OVs, both natural and genetically engineered, selectively replicate within cancer cells, inducing their lysis while sparing normal tissues. Recent advancements in clinical research and genetic engineering have enabled the development of targeted viruses that modify the tumour microenvironment, triggering anti-tumour immune responses and exhibiting synergistic effects with other cancer therapies. Several OVs have been studied for breast cancer treatment, including adenovirus, protoparvovirus, vaccinia virus, reovirus, and herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1). These viruses have been modified or engineered to enhance their tumour-selective replication, reduce toxicity, and improve oncolytic properties.Newer generations of OVs, such as Oncoviron and Delta-24-RGD adenovirus, exhibit heightened replication selectivity and enhanced anticancer effects, particularly in breast cancer models. Clinical trials have explored the efficacy and safety of various OVs in treating different cancers, including melanoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, head and neck cancer, and gynecologic malignancies. Notably, Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) and Oncorine have. been approved for advanced melanoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, respectively. However, adverse effects have been reported in some cases, including flu-like symptoms and rare instances of severe complications such as fistula formation. Although no OV has been approved specifically for breast cancer treatment, ongoing preclinical clinical trials focus on four groups of viruses. While mild adverse effects like low-grade fever and nausea have been observed, the effectiveness of OV monotherapy in breast cancer remains insufficient. Combination strategies integrating OVs with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy, show promise in improving therapeutic outcomes. Oncolytic virus therapy holds substantial potential in breast cancer treatment, demonstrating safety in trials. Multi-approach strategies combining OVs with conventional therapies exhibit more promising therapeutic effects than monotherapy, signalling a hopeful future for OV-based breast cancer treatments.

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Section: Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New hopes for the breast cancer treatment: perspectives on the oncolytic virus therapy

Chowaniec,

Ślubowska,

Mroczek

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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“…The anti-tumor mechanism of oncolytic virus has been interpreted as: 1) selective infiltration and replication of tumor cells as hosts, causing direct cell lysis and death; and 2) induction of a systemic anti-tumor immune response, reactivating dormant innate and adaptive immunity (Russell et al, 2012;Engeland, 2020), restoring "control" to established immune escapees (Kaufman et al, 2015). However, we should mention that the oncolytic virus' rebuilding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has far-reaching implications for the latter (Zhu et al, 2022b;Su et al, 2022). These mechanisms have been thoroughly investigated, providing us with an insight into the irreplaceable nature of the oncolytic virus (Lichty et al, 2014;Heidbuechel and Engeland, 2021).…”

Section: Oncolytic Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

HSV: The scout and assault for digestive system tumors

Li²,

Ren³

et al. 2023

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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More than 25% of all malignant tumors are digestive system tumors (DSTs), which mostly include esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma, and colorectal cancer. DSTs have emerged as one of the prominent reasons of morbidity and death in many nations and areas around the world, posing a serious threat to human life and health. General treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical resection can poorly cure the patients and have a bad prognosis. A type of immunotherapy known as oncolytic virus therapy, have recently shown extraordinary anti-tumor effectiveness. One of the viruses that has been the subject of the greatest research in this field, the herpes simplex virus (HSV), has shown excellent potential in DSTs. With a discussion of HSV-1 based on recent studies, we outline the therapeutic effects of HSV on a number of DSTs in this review. Additionally, the critical function of HSV in the detection of cancers is discussed, and some HSV future possibilities are shown.

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“…Oncolytic virus is either wild-type or genetically modified virus selectively replicating in tumor cells and thereby lysing the cells and leading to tumor antigen release ( 5 , 6 ). In addition, they can stimulate anti-cancer immunity by infecting tumor cells and expressing exogenous immune-stimulating factors carried by the virus ( 5 , 6 ). Therefore, oncolytic virotherapy can be considered for anti-cancer immune therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic virotherapy stimulates anti‑tumor immune response and demonstrates activity in advanced sarcoma: Report of two cases

Qiu,

Qin,

Ding

et al. 2024

Oncol Lett

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Sarcoma is derived from mesenchymal neoplasms and has numerous subtypes, accounting for 1% of all adult malignancies and 15% of childhood malignancies. The prognosis of metastatic or recurrent sarcoma remains poor. The current study presents two cases of sarcoma enrolled in a phase I dose escalation trial for solid tumor, who had previously failed all standard therapies. These patients were treated with VG161, an immune-stimulating herpes simplex virus type 1 oncolytic virus with payloads of IL-12, IL-15 and IL-15 receptor α unit, and a programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 blocking peptide. Both cases demonstrated stable disease as the best response, accompanied by a noteworthy prolongation of progression-free survival (11.8 months for chondrosarcoma and 11.9 months for soft tissue sarcoma, respectively) at a dose of 2.5×10 8 PFU/cycle. In addition, the treatment led to the activation of anti-cancer immunity, as evident from cytokine, lymphocyte subset and related pathway analyses of peripheral blood and/or tumor biopsy samples. These promising results suggest that VG161 monotherapy holds promise as an effective treatment for sarcoma and warrants further investigation through clinical trials. The two reported patients were part of a phase I clinical trial conducted and registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry in Australia (registration no. ACTRN12620000244909; registration date, 26 February, 2020).

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Current landscape and perspective of oncolytic viruses and their combination therapies

Cited by 21 publications

References 100 publications

New hopes for the breast cancer treatment: perspectives on the oncolytic virus therapy

New hopes for the breast cancer treatment: perspectives on the oncolytic virus therapy

HSV: The scout and assault for digestive system tumors

Oncolytic virotherapy stimulates anti‑tumor immune response and demonstrates activity in advanced sarcoma: Report of two cases

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