Current Landscape of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in COVID Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in China's Hubei area in late 2019 has now created a global pandemic that has spread to over 150 countries. In most people, COVID-19 is a respiratory infection that produces fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Patients with severe Covid-19 may develop ARDS. MSCs can come from a number of places, such as bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue. Because of their easy accessibility and low immunogenicity, MSCs were often used in animal and clinical research. In recent studies, MSCs have been shown to decrease inflammation, enhance lung permeability, improve microbial and alveolar fluid clearance, and accelerate lung epithelial and endothelial repair. Furthermore, MSC-based therapy has shown promising outcomes in preclinical studies and phase 1 clinical trials in sepsis and ARDS. In this paper, we posit the therapeutic strategies using MSC and dissect how and why MSC therapy is a potential treatment option for COVID-19-induced ARDS. We cite numerous promising clinical trials, elucidate the potential advantages of MSC therapy for Covid-19 ARDS patients, examine the detriments of this therapeutic strategy and suggest possibilities of subsequent research.

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“…Stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), form an important research topic in biomedical science due to their healing and regenerative properties [165]. Biomaterials have been used to develop artificial extracellular environments that control the behavior of stem cells [166].…”

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“…The use of MSCs in tissue engineering can be supported by their active role in tissue regeneration and production of cells as a replacement for damaged and dead cells [93]. Recent studies have shown that MSCs are able to migrate to distant areas where damage has occurred and potentially offer reparative cells or produce soluble trophic factors through paracrine signalling which aids in cell survival, cell proliferation, and cell migration to augment tissue regrowth [94]. Furthermore, MSCs have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, which enable them to reduce inflammation and restore or suppress immune cell functioning [95].…”