Current Malaria Status and Distribution of Drug Resistance in East and Southeast Asia with Special Focus to Thailand

Polymorphic patterns of pfcrt and pfmdr1 in Plasmodium falciparum isolates along the Thai-Myanmar border

“…A three-day combination regimen of artesunatemefloquine has been adopted as first-line treatment of acute uncomplicated P. falciparum in Thailand since 2005 [2] . The observation of good correlation between pfmdr1 and declining of artesunate and mefloquine sensitivity supports results from the current study that both pfmdr1 wild type at codon 86 and amplification of pfmdr1 could apply as reliable tools for prediction of mefloquine and artesunate resistance [15,24] .…”

“…In Thailand, the mortality rate had raised to 36 per 100 000 population in 1958, but continuously declined after the launch of malaria control program [1,2] . Most of the affected populations are those who reside in/near forests and hilly areas along the international borders.…”

Evaluation of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for Malaria Diagnosis in a Field Setting

“…2 In Thailand, malaria is caused mainly by P. falciparum and P. vivax , but P. ovale , P. malariae , and P. knowlesi have been occasionally detected. 3,4 In many malaria-endemic areas in Thailand, P. vivax has recently become more prevalent than P. falciparum . 3 Because of different treatments for infections with different malaria parasite species and the requirement of high cost (artemisinin-based) drugs for P. falciparum , there is an increasing need for accurate diagnosis that cannot be met by microscopy in malaria-endemic areas.…”

Re-Emergence of Malaria in Malaysia: A Review Article

“…Distribution of confirmed foci and areas of anti-malarial resistant of P. falciparum malaria in South East Asia [54]. In Malaysia, a number of outbreaks were due to imported cases such as the outbreak in Tanjung Bungah, Penang in April 2006 of which 56 of the 58 positive cases involved foreign workers with majority from Indonesia.…”