Current Microbiological and Clinical Aspects of Urinary Tract Infections

Bonadio, M.; Meini, Micaela; Spitaleri, P.; Gigli, Cristina

doi:10.1159/000049813

Cited by 115 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The extent to which this is the case can only be confirmed once similar studies in other settings have reported their findings. A comparable study was carried out by Bonadio et al [15] in an Italian teaching hospital covering the period 1996-99. The study findings were similar to the present in some aspects but different in others.…”

Section: Methodological Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Catheter‐associated urinary tract infections: prevalence of uropathogens and pattern of antimicrobial resistance in a UK hospital (1996–2001)

Wazait

Patel²,

Veer³

et al. 2003

BJU International

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was used to assess whether there was a linear trend according to calendar year. RESULTSEscherichia coli was the most frequently isolated pathogen in all years, but its frequency declined over time (35.6%, 32.5% and 26.6%, respectively). Enterococcus was the second most frequent overall, with a significant increase in frequency with time (11.8%, 15.3% and 22.0%, respectively). There was also a considerable change in resistance patterns to antibiotics. As a result, in 1996, CAUTIs were least often resistant to ciprofloxacin (8.0%) followed by co-amoxiclav (18.5%) and cephalexin (25.4%). In 2001, CAUTIs were least often resistant to coamoxiclav (22.5%), followed by ciprofloxacin (27.2%) and nitrofurantoin (28.8%). CONCLUSIONThe types of organisms associated with CAUTI have changed over the last 5 years in a UK institution, as have the patterns of antibiotic resistance. Currently, the most appropriate agents for the empirical management of CAUTIs seem to be co-amoxiclav, ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin.

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Section: Methodological Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Catheter‐associated urinary tract infections: prevalence of uropathogens and pattern of antimicrobial resistance in a UK hospital (1996–2001)

Wazait

Patel²,

Veer³

et al. 2003

BJU International

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“…UTI commonly aff ects boys during the fi rst year of life 1 , but thereafter 3-5% of girls are aff ec ted1, increasing to 10% by the teenage years 2 . Although several diff erent microorganisms can cause UTI, including fungi and viruses, bacteria are the major causative organisms and responsible for more than 95% of UTI cases 3 . Treatment of urinary tract infections is compromised worldwide by the emergence of bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi Drug Resistant Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infections in Children at Kathmandu Model Hospital

Shrestha

Gurubacharya

Maharjan

et al. 2013

J. Nepal Paedtr. Soc.

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Introduction: Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens has increased globally. Updated knowledge of the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens in the health institutes is important for the selection of an appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the multi drug resistant urinary isolates in the children from 1 to15 years and evaluate the options for empiric antibiotic therapy. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from December 2011 to May 2012 in the Bacteriology laboratory, Kathmandu Model Hospital. Urine samples received in the laboratory were processed for routine, culture and its sensitivity. The antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates was determined following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) recommended Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method. Results: Of the total 372 urine samples received in the laboratory, 60 (16.13%) showed significant growth; of which 55.0 % (33/60) were MDR isolates. Escherichia coli were the predominant isolate from urine sample. Out of 49 Escherichia coli isolates, 27 (45.0%) were Multi drug resistant. Enterococcus faecalis (N=3) was the most predominant Gram positive isolate and 66.67 % (2/3) of this organism were multi drug resistant. Among the first line drugs used against gram negative isolates, nitrofurantoin was the most effective drug followed by quinolones, while among the second line drugs; meropenem was the most effective drug followed by chloramphenicol and amikacin, whereas; nitrofurantoin (100%) was the most effective drug for Gram positive isolates followed by norfloxacin and cefotaxime. Conclusion: High percentages of multi drug resistant uropathogens were revealed in children. Nitrofurantoin was found to be the most effective drug for gram positive, gram negative and multi drug resistant isolates.

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“…Furthermore indiscriminate use of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of drug resistant pathogens. Even though several different microorganisms can cause UTIs, including protozoan parasites, fungi and viruses, bacteria are the major causative organisms and are accountable for more than 95% of UTI cases (Bonadio et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antibiotics Susceptibility of Uropathogens in Patients from a Rural Environment, Tamilnadu

Arjunan¹,

Al‐Salamah²,

Amuthan³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Problem statement: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in human, rural environment cause significant morbidity due to insanitary condition, lack of knowledge of personal hygiene, lack of patient's compliance and economic burden. In our study, the bacterial etiologies and the resistance patterns found in human with serious UTIs and selecting optimal antimicrobial therapy. Approach: A total of 105 patients first morning mid stream urine samples, culture was done by the calibrated loop technique delivering 0.001 mL of urine plated on Cystine-Lactose-Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar, MacConkey agar and Blood agar medium (Hi Media, India) for isolation of uropathogens. All pathogens were analyzed for drug susceptibility by disk diffusion method. Results: More than 50% of them were confirmed to have UTI bacteriological positive. Women and man especially in the age group of 20-29 had higher incidence of bacterial infection. A total of 58 isolates seven different uropathogens were identified among the Escherichia coli (31%) was dominant pathogens followed by Citrobacter spp., (20%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.24%). In all uropathogens antibiotics susceptibility the more active agents were norfloxacin (87.93%), ciprofloxacin (70.68%), gentamicin (70.68%), nalidixic acid (68.96%), nitrofurantoine (60.34%) and tetracycline (60.34%) and less active in ampicillin (8.62%), rifampicin (37.93%) and carbenicillin (41.37%). Conclusion: Among commonly used antimicrobial agents for the treatment of UTI, there is a trend towards increasing resistance to ampicillin and a persistently low resistance rate to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin should be consider for treatment.

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Current Microbiological and Clinical Aspects of Urinary Tract Infections

Cited by 115 publications

References 12 publications

Catheter‐associated urinary tract infections: prevalence of uropathogens and pattern of antimicrobial resistance in a UK hospital (1996–2001)

Catheter‐associated urinary tract infections: prevalence of uropathogens and pattern of antimicrobial resistance in a UK hospital (1996–2001)

Multi Drug Resistant Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infections in Children at Kathmandu Model Hospital

Prevalence and Antibiotics Susceptibility of Uropathogens in Patients from a Rural Environment, Tamilnadu

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