Current-Mode First-Order Versatile Filter Using Translinear Current Conveyors with Controlled Current Gain

Abstract

This paper offers a new current-mode first-order versatile filter employing two translinear current conveyors with controlled current gain and one grounded capacitor. The proposed filter offers the following features: realization of first-order transfer functions of low-pass, high-pass, and all-pass current responses from single topology, availability of non-inverting and inverting transfer functions for all current responses, electronic control of current gain for all current responses, no requirement of component-matching conditions for realizing all current responses, low-input impedance and high-output impedance which are required for current-mode circuits, and electronic control of the pole frequency for all current responses. The proposed first-order versatile filter is used to realize a quadrature sinusoidal oscillator to confirm the advantage of the new topology. To confirm the functionality and workability of new circuits, the proposed circuit and its application are simulated by the SPICE program using transistor model process parameters NR100N (NPN) and PR100N (PNP) of bipolar arrays ALA400-CBIC-R from AT&T.

Current-Mode Shadow Filter with Single-Input Multiple-Output Using Current-Controlled Current Conveyors with Controlled Current Gain

“…The DC supply voltage was ±2.5 V. The bias currents I bi were fixed to 25 μA and the bias current I ai was used to control the current gain k i (i = 1, 2, 3). The simulated performances of the CCCII with controlled current gain used in this paper are given in [ 36 ]. The capacitors C 1 and C 2 were 30 nF.…”

MO-CCCII-Based Single-Input Multi-Output (SIMO) Current-Mode Fractional-Order Universal and Shelving Filter

“…The best way to address this is through equalization filters. Owing to the advantages provided by fractional-order calculus to analog filters, the design of shelving filters has also begun to incorporate fractional-order characteristics [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. The most significant advantage that fractional-order calculus provides to equalization filters is the extra degree of freedom (α), allowing for a better listening experience in the ELLC standard by effectively utilizing the sound frequency [25].…”

“…Taking into account the impedance of the fractional-order capacitor, characterized by an α degree, and incorporating the pseudo-capacitance (C α ) as defined by Z(s) = 1/C α s α , Equation ( 21) reveals the transfer function of the positive-gain fractionalorder LP filter derived from Equation (3). Additionally, Equation (22) outlines the specific values for the gain (K) and cut-off frequency (ω 0 ) of the filter. The term C 1α in the equation represents the fractional-order capacitor.…”

“…Due to its compatibility with CM filters, the CCCII active filter building block was preferred. The CCCII element demonstrated better filter characteristics, including linearity, signal bandwidth, and dynamic range, in comparison to op-amp-based filters [22]. To further enhance these characteristics, the CCCII element was implemented using bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), as they are more suitable for CM and low-power/voltage applications [25].…”

On the Feasibility of Cascode and Regulated Cascode Amplifier Stages in ULV Circuits Exploiting MOS Transistors in Deep Subthreshold Operation

“…Since the final performance of amplifiers and filters is strictly related to the characteristics of the OTA, considerable effort is dedicated during the design phase to optimize the OTA's figures of merit under ultra-low power (ULP) and ultra-low voltage (ULV) constraints [45]. For instance, parameters such as power consumption, gain bandwidth product (GBW), DC-gain, phase margin, total harmonic distortion (THD), noise, and slew rate, are critical characteristics that need optimization [46], [47].…”