Current Nanocarrier Strategies Improve Vitamin B12 Pharmacokinetics, Ameliorate Patients’ Lives, and Reduce Costs

Fidaleo, Marco; Tacconi, Stefano; Sbarigia, Carolina; Passeri, Daniele; Rossi, M.; Tata, Ada Maria; Dini, Luciana

doi:10.3390/nano11030743

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Among them, microencapsulation, which is already widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries [ 93 ], has proved to improve vitamin B 12 stability using either food-grade W 1 /O/W 2 emulsions [ 94 , 95 ], liposomes [ 96 ] or different food-grade encapsulating agents, such as chitosan, arabic gum, sodium alginate, carrageenan, maltodextrin, modified starch, cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric, xanthan and pectin [ 97 , 98 ]. Moreover, Fidaleo and co-workers have recently reviewed nanocarrier usage as a promising nanotechnology that may enable vitamin B 12 therapies to be improved, reducing side effects and overall costs as well as ameliorating the quality of patient lives [ 99 ].…”

Section: Vitamin B 12 Downstream Processing and Po...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioprocess Strategies for Vitamin B12 Production by Microbial Fermentation and Its Market Applications

Calvillo

Pellicer²,

Carnicer

et al. 2022

Bioengineering

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Vitamin B12 is a widely used compound in the feed and food, healthcare and medical industries that can only be produced by fermentation because of the complexity of its chemical synthesis. For this reason, finding better producer strains and optimizing their bioprocesses have been the main focus of industrial producers over the last few decades. In this review, we initially provide a historical overview of vitamin B12 research and the main biosynthetic characteristics of the two microorganism families typically used for its industrial production: several strains of Propionibacterium freudenreichii and strains related to Pseudomonas denitrificans. Later, a complete summary of the current state of vitamin B12 industrial production as well as the main advances and challenges for improving it is detailed, with a special focus on bioprocess optimization, which aims not only to increase production but also sustainability. In addition, a comprehensive list of the most important and relevant patents for the present industrial strains is provided. Finally, the potential applications of vitamin B12 in different markets are discussed.

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Section: Vitamin B 12 Downstream Processing and Po...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioprocess Strategies for Vitamin B12 Production by Microbial Fermentation and Its Market Applications

Calvillo

Pellicer²,

Carnicer

et al. 2022

Bioengineering

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“…Nanocarriers consist of organic/inorganic nanoparticles and are utilized for smart delivery as commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. Nanoparticle applications offer innovative solutions to improve the sensitivity of measurement by enhancing the electromagnetic signal in metal nanoparticle due to their nanosize with surface plasmon resonance effect ( Fidaleo et al, 2021 ). For vitamin B 12 delivery, nanoparticles should be absorbed in the small intestinal tracts.…”

Section: Nanoparticle Technology: a Sustainable Approach For Micronutrient/mineral Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) and Micronutrient Fortification in Food Crops Using Nanoparticle Technology

Cave

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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It is necessary to develop a resilient food supply that will withstand unexpected future shocks and deliver the required amounts of nutrients to consumers. By increasing the sustainability of food and agriculture, the food system will be able to handle challenges such as climate change, declining agricultural resources, growing population/urbanization, pandemics, and recessions/shortages. Micronutrient deficiency, otherwise called hidden hunger, is one of the major malnutrition consequences worldwide, particularly in middle- or low- income countries. Unlike essential mineral or nutrient compounds, micronutrients could be less of a priority due to their small levels of requirement. However, insufficient micronutrients caused critical adverse health symptoms and are excessively vital for young children’s development. Therefore, there have been numerous attempts to enhance minerals and nutrients in food crops, including biofortification, food fortification, and supplementation. Based on several interventions involving micronutrients, modern technology, such as nanotechnology, can be applied to enhance sustainability and to reduce the food system’s environmental impact. Previous studies have addressed various strategies or interventions to mitigate major micronutrient deficiency including iron, iodine, zinc, and vitamin A. Comparably small amounts of studies have addressed vitamin B12 deficiency and its fortification in food crops. Vitamin B12 deficiency causes serious adverse health effects, including in the nervous or blood systems, and occurs along with other micronutrient deficiencies, such as folate, iron, and zinc, worldwide, particularly in middle- and low-income countries. Mitigation for B12 deficiency has mainly focused on developing pharmacological and medical treatments such as vitamin B12 serum or supplements. Further studies are required to undertake a sustainable approach to fortify vitamin B12 in plant-based food sources for public health worldwide. This review paper highlights nanoparticle application as a promising technology for enhancing vitamin B12 without conventional genetic modification requirements. The nanoparticle can efficiently deliver the mineral/nutrient using coating techniques to targeted sites into the plant. This is mainly because nanoparticles have better solubility and permeability due to their nano size with high surface exposure. Vitamin B12-coated nanoparticles would be absorbed, translocated, and accumulated by the plant and eventually enhance the bioavailability in food crops. Furthermore, by reducing adverse environmental effects, such as leaching issues that mainly occur with conventional fertilizer usage, it would be possible to develop more sustainable food fortification.

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“…Polymer nanocarriers made from naturally occurring and biodegradable polymers have attracted much attention, especially in various drug delivery systems, since they offer a promising means by which to enhance the therapeutic values of drugs by improving their bioavailability, solubility and retention time, as well as benefitting patients due to lower cost and reduced toxicity [1][2][3][4][5]. Through great efforts from researchers, various polymer nanocarriers are currently being developed with the aim of improving drug delivery, especially of hydrophobic drugs including liposome, polymeric nanoparticles, selfassembly micelles, polymersomes, polyelectrolyte complexes, polymer-drug conjugates, dendrimers and others [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pot Synthesis of Amphiphilic Biopolymers from Oxidized Alginate and Self-Assembly as a Carrier for Sustained Release of Hydrophobic Drugs

et al. 2022

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In this paper, we developed an organic solvent-free, eco-friendly, simple and efficient one-pot approach for the preparation of amphiphilic conjugates (Ugi-OSAOcT) by grafting octylamine (OCA) to oxidized sodium alginate (OSA). The optimum reaction parameters that were obtained based on the degree of substitution (DS) of Ugi-OSAOcT were a reaction time of 12 h, a reaction temperature of 25 °C and a molar ratio of 1:2.4:3:3.3 (OSA:OCA:HAc:TOSMIC), respectively. The chemical structure and composition were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry analyser (TGA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and elemental analysis (EA). It was found that the Ugi-OSAOcT conjugates with a CMC value in the range of 0.30–0.085 mg/mL could self-assemble into stable and spherical micelles with a particle size of 135.7 ± 2.4–196.5 ± 3.8 nm and negative surface potentials of −32.8 ± 0.4–−38.2 ± 0.8 mV. Furthermore, ibuprofen (IBU), which served as a model poorly water-soluble drug, was successfully incorporated into the Ugi-OSAOcT micelles by dialysis method. The drug loading capacity (%DL) and encapsulation efficiency (%EE) of the IBU-loaded Ugi-OSAOcT micelles (IBU/Ugi-OSAOcT = 3:10) reached as much as 10.9 ± 0.4–14.6 ± 0.3% and 40.8 ± 1.6–57.2 ± 1.3%, respectively. The in vitro release study demonstrated that the IBU-loaded micelles had a sustained and pH-responsive drug release behavior. In addition, the DS of the hydrophobic segment on an OSA backbone was demonstrated to have an important effect on IBU loading and drug release behavior. Finally, the in vitro cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that the Ugi-OSAOcT conjugates exhibited no significant cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells up to 1000 µg/mL. Therefore, the amphiphilic Ugi-OSAOcT conjugates synthesized by the green method exhibited great potential to load hydrophobic drugs, acting as a promising nanocarrier capable of responding to pH for sustained release of hydrophobic drugs.

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Current Nanocarrier Strategies Improve Vitamin B12 Pharmacokinetics, Ameliorate Patients’ Lives, and Reduce Costs

Cited by 19 publications

References 116 publications

Bioprocess Strategies for Vitamin B12 Production by Microbial Fermentation and Its Market Applications

Bioprocess Strategies for Vitamin B12 Production by Microbial Fermentation and Its Market Applications

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) and Micronutrient Fortification in Food Crops Using Nanoparticle Technology

One-Pot Synthesis of Amphiphilic Biopolymers from Oxidized Alginate and Self-Assembly as a Carrier for Sustained Release of Hydrophobic Drugs

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