Current perception and practice of athletics coaches about the modification of footstrike pattern in endurance runners: A survey

Abstract

Purpose To date, the relationship between footstrike pattern and performance, as well as with injury incidence in endurance running remains unclear. For these reasons, it is currently not recommended to modify footstrike pattern in an uninjured long-distance runner. The purpose of this study was to analyse whether athletic coaches apply these current scientific recommendations with their endurance runners on the field. Methods A Delphi method study was used to develop an online survey that was administered to French-speaking athletic coaches in Belgium. The survey comprised three sections: 1) coaches’ profile, 2) coaches’ perception of footstrike patterns, 3) practices pertaining to footstrike patterns. Results One hundred and fourteen respondents completed the entire questionnaire. Ninety-six (84%) athletic coaches reported modifying the footstrike pattern of their endurance runners. They reported that they modify their runners’ rearfoot and forefoot strike more often than a midfoot strike (P < 0.0001) to prevent injury (83%) and to improve performance (66%). According to them, midfoot strike is considered as the best landing pattern for endurance performance (47%) and injury prevention (36%) whereas rearfoot strike is considered as the worst (respectively, 50% and 52%). Summary and conclusion This study highlights the disparities between scientific recommendations and athletic coaches’ field practices for modifying footstrike patterns in endurance runners. Contrary to current scientific literature recommendations, a large proportion of coaches modify the natural footstrike pattern of their endurance runners towards a midfoot strike pattern to improve performance and prevent injury.

Foot and Ankle Muscle Isometric Strength in Nonrearfoot Compared With Rearfoot Endurance Runners

“…Methods to improve the strength of the foot have been described including specific exercises (short foot, toe spread out, etc), running drills, neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the intrinsic foot muscles, or walking with minimalist footwear. 1,37 In our cross-sectional study, higher isometric ankle plantar flexor, ankle dorsiflexor, and ankle invertor strength were associated with better performance in a race of 10 000 m. This result is not in agreement with a previous study that showed ankle plantar flexor strength is not associated with running performance. 39 However, a previous study highlighted the importance of the interaction between ankle plantar flexor and the function of the medial longitudinal arch to maintain the propulsive capacity during running.…”

“…Gait retraining intervention involving a transition to a forefoot strike pattern is often used to reduce patellofemoral pain. 1 , 10 In theory, this method allows to shift a part of the load imposed by running from the knee joint to the foot and ankle joint. 10 , 24 Thus, adopting a nonrearfoot strike may require greater foot and ankle muscular capacity to support the higher plantar fascia loading and foot arch deformation.…”

“…Methods to improve the strength of the foot have been described including specific exercises (short foot, toe spread out, etc), running drills, neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the intrinsic foot muscles, or walking with minimalist footwear. 1 , 37 …”