Current perspective on eicosanoids in asthma and allergic diseases: EAACI Task Force consensus report, part I

Abstract

Eicosanoids are biologically active lipid mediators, comprising prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and lipoxins, involved in several pathophysiological processes relevant to asthma, allergies, and allied diseases. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are the most studied eicosanoids and established inducers of airway pathophysiology including bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation. Drugs inhibiting the synthesis of lipid mediators or their effects, such as leukotriene synthesis inhibitors, leukotriene receptors antagonists, and more recently prostaglandin D 2 receptor antagonists, have been shown to modulate features of asthma and allergic diseases. This review, | 115 SOKOLOWSKA et AL.

Advances and recent developments in asthma in 2020

“…Other possible future targets in personalized asthma therapy include the epithelial cell–derived cytokines (eg, IL‐33 or TSLP), kinases (eg, JAK and Pi3K), and the PGD2 (acts as a pro‐inflammatory mediator) (Figure 1). 162,163 A comprehensive review by an EAACI task force 174 highlighted the complex roles of eicosanoids in asthma and allergy.…”

NSAID-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (NERD): From Pathogenesis to Improved Care

“…Therefore, reduction in PGE 2 and its receptor levels could contribute to CysLTs overproduction in NERD patients. Lipoxin (LX) A4 and its epimer (15-epi-LXA4) are also called as the ASA-triggered lipoxins, and have antiinflammatory effects in airway inflammation ( Pham et al., 2017 ; Sokolowska et al., 2020 ). Their receptor termed formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR 2 ) is expressed on human neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, T cells, ILCs (ILC2 and NK cells) and epithelial cells of the respiratory tract.…”

“…Their receptor termed formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR 2 ) is expressed on human neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, T cells, ILCs (ILC2 and NK cells) and epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. After binding their receptors, it leads to the restoration of epithelial barrier function and resolution of allergic inflammation through down-regulation of chemotaxis and cell activation ( Barnig et al., 2013 ; Sokolowska et al., 2020 ). In the context of NERD, the concentration of LXA4 in the whole blood, sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and 15-epi-LXA4 in the urine from NERD patients were lower than those in ATA patients.…”

Virus-Induced Asthma Exacerbations: SIRT1 Targeted Approach

“…When the virus reacts with airway epithelium, mast cells are activated in an IgE-dependent or independent manner, and degranulation occurs [86]. This results in the production of lipid mediators such as prostaglandin (PG) and cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLTs), which induce an immediate response in the airways and other target organs [86]. Currently, drugs targeting lipid mediators in asthma are mainly the CySLT 1 receptor antagonists pranlukast and montelukast [87,88].…”

“…Lipid profiling is thought to be important for understanding viral infections [ 84 , 85 ]. When the virus reacts with airway epithelium, mast cells are activated in an IgE-dependent or independent manner, and degranulation occurs [ 86 ]. This results in the production of lipid mediators such as prostaglandin (PG) and cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLTs), which induce an immediate response in the airways and other target organs [ 86 ].…”