Current perspective on wastewater treatment using photobioreactor for Tetraselmis sp.: an emerging and foreseeable sustainable approach

Abstract

Urbanization is a revolutionary and necessary step for the development of nations. However, with development emanates its drawback i.e., generation of a huge amount of wastewater. The existence of diverse types of nutrient loads and toxic compounds in wastewater can reduce the pristine nature of the ecosystem and adversely affects human and animal health. The conventional treatment system reduces most of the chemical contaminants but their removal efficiency is low. Thus, microalgae-based biological wastewater treatment is a sustainable approach for the removal of nutrient loads from wastewater. Among various microalgae, Tetraselmis sp. is a robust strain that can remediate industrial, municipal, and animal-based wastewater and reduce significant amounts of nutrient loads and heavy metals. The produced biomass contains lipids, carbohydrates, and pigments. Among them, carbohydrates and lipids can be used as feedstock for the production of bioenergy products. Moreover, the usage of a photobioreactor (PBR) system improves biomass production and nutrient removal efficiency. Thus, the present review comprehensively discusses the latest studies on Tetraselmis sp. based wastewater treatment processes, focusing on the use of different bioreactor systems to improve pollutant removal efficiency. Moreover, the applications of Tetraselmis sp. biomass, advancement and research gap such as immobilized and co-cultivation have also been discussed. Furthermore, an insight into the harvesting of Tetraselmis biomass, effects of physiological, and nutritional parameters for their growth has also been provided. Thus, the present review will broaden the outlook and help to develop a sustainable and feasible approach for the restoration of the environment.

Microalgal‐based remediation of wastewater: A step towards environment protection and management

“…The advancement in the process such as immobilization of algal cells could improve the remediation efficiency (Goswami, Komal, et al. 2021). However, it can increase the total treatment cost.…”

“…To overcome this problem, emerging pollutant tolerant microalgae need to be screened (Rempel et al, 2021). The advancement in the process such as immobilization of algal cells could improve the remediation efficiency (Goswami, Komal, et al 2021). However, it can increase the total treatment cost.…”

“…Recently published literature suggested that microalgae were better organisms for the bioremediation of wastewater containing nutrient loads, emerging contaminants Also, the produced biomass can be utilized for the generation of biofuels (Bhatia et al., 2020; Goswami, Komal, et al. 2021; Mehariya, Goswami, Verma, et al., 2021).…”

CRISPR-Cas technology a new era in genomic engineering

“…Tetraselmis sp. (Platymonas) is another green alga that has been identified as a source for biomass and lipid production [41] . The carbohydrate synthesis in the metabolism pathway of the Tetraselmis sp.…”

Influence of Carbon Sources on Biomass and Biomolecule Accumulation in Picochlorum sp. Cultured under the Mixotrophic Condition

“…Different studies have been reported regarding the enhancement of the microalgal biomass and biomolecules, such as the optimization of physiological and environmental conditions, nutritional and physical stress, using the organic waste, modification in the cultivation vessels or systems, etc. [ 6 ]. Microalgae can be cultivated under photoautotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic modes using different carbon sources.…”