Current perspectives in intronic micro RNAs (miRNAs)

Ying, Shao‐Yao; Lin, Shi-Lung

doi:10.1007/s11373-005-9036-8

Cited by 76 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Expression levels of intronic miRNAs and their host genes often are highly correlated, presumably because they are co-transcribed [16,18]. In the case of miR-103, the miRNA expression level were indirectly correlated with expression coefficients of 0.638 (PANK2) and 0.270 (PANK3) [16].…”

Section: Bioinformatics Predict a Role For Mir-103/mir-107 Paralogs Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MiR-103/7 are present in PANK genes, which serve to regulate metabolism (and this relationship holds constant through vertebrate evolution); 2. Prior studies suggest that intronic miRNAs are often expressed coordinately with their 'parent' protein-coding genes [15,16,18]; 3. MiR-103/7 levels are changed in states of altered cellular metabolism, including stress [48,65,66,68,69]; 4.…”

Section: Bioinformatics Predict a Role For Mir-103/mir-107 Paralogs Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, miRNAs are transcribed from intergenic regions, from introns, or more infrequently from within exons of known protein-coding genes [15]. Intronic miRNAs may be co-transcribed with the 'parent' mRNAs (usually by RNA polymerase II), or may be transcribed independently [15][16][17][18]. Large precursor RNAs called "pri-miRNAs" are sequentially cleaved in the nucleus, exported to the cytoplasm, and then processed further to produce 'mature' (~22 nucleotides in length) singlestranded miRNAs that are bound to Argonaute proteins [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Energizing miRNA research: A review of the role of miRNAs in lipid metabolism, with a prediction that miR-103/107 regulates human metabolic pathways

Wilfred

Wang

Nelson

2007

Molecular Genetics and Metabolism

300

239

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful regulators of gene expression. Although first discovered in worm larvae, miRNAs play fundamental biological roles-including in humans-well beyond development. MiRNAs participate in the regulation of metabolism (including lipid metabolism) for all animal species studied. A review of the fascinating and fast-growing literature on miRNA regulation of metabolism can be parsed into three main categories: 1. Adipocyte biochemistry and cell fate determination; 2. Regulation of metabolic biochemistry in invertebrates; and 3. Regulation of metabolic biochemistry in mammals. Most research into the 'function' of a given miRNA in metabolic pathways has concentrated on a given miRNA acting upon a particular 'target' mRNA. Whereas in some biological contexts the effects of a given miRNA:mRNA pair may predominate, this might not be the case generally. In order to provide an example of how a single miRNA could regulate multiple 'target' mRNAs or even entire human metabolic pathways, we include a discussion of metabolic pathways that are predicted to be regulated by the miRNA paralogs, miR-103 and miR-107. These miRNAs, which exist in vertebrate genomes within introns of the pantothenate kinase (PANK) genes, are predicted by bioinformatics to affect multiple mRNA targets in pathways that involve cellular Acetyl-CoA and lipid levels. Significantly, PANK enzymes also affect these pathways, so the miRNA and 'host' gene may act synergistically. These predictions require experimental verification. In conclusion, a review of the literature on miRNA regulation of metabolism leads us believe that the future will provide researchers with many additional energizing revelations.

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Section: Bioinformatics Predict a Role For Mir-103/mir-107 Paralogs Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioinformatics Predict a Role For Mir-103/mir-107 Paralogs Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Energizing miRNA research: A review of the role of miRNAs in lipid metabolism, with a prediction that miR-103/107 regulates human metabolic pathways

Wilfred

Wang

Nelson

2007

Molecular Genetics and Metabolism

300

239

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Whereas intergenic miRNAs are generally derived from independent precursors, intronic miRNAs may either be spliced out from the host gene pre-mRNA transcript or be processed from an independently transcribed precursor (Ying and Lin 2006). Comparison of the expression profiles of intronic miRNAs and their host genes (unpublished data) showed that, in general, less than 50 % of the intronic miRNAs were co-expressed (i.e., detected simultaneously) with their host genes.…”

Section: Intronic Mirna Loci May Be Independently Transcribedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of miRNAs related to caste differentiation in the honey bee, Apis mellifera

Guo

Skogerbø

et al. 2015

Apidologie

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-Honey bees are very important eusocial insects and are involved in the pollination of many plants. Queen bees and worker bees can develop from the same fertilized eggs and are thus genetically identical despite their substantial behavioral and physiological differences. The mechanism governing developmental differences between worker and queen bees has always attracted much interest. While there are several reports on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression related to caste differentiation or microRNA (miRNA) expression in one time point of caste differentiation, no systematic investigation of the dynamic expression of small RNAs along with these two caste development has, thus far, been carried out. In this study, we present the dynamic expression profiles of queen and worker bee small RNAs and show caste-specific miRNA expression patterns between them, indicating that miRNAs may be related to the differential development of worker and queen bee larvae. Results presented here will make a valuable contribution to understanding of the caste switch between worker and queen bees.honey bees / small RNAs / larvae development / caste determination

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“…Because of the flexibility of miRNA in binding with partially complementary mRNA targets, miRNA can serve as an anti-virus drug or vaccine to achieve a breakthrough in the treatment of virus mutation. Moreover, since miRNAs are single-stranded molecules insensitive to interferon systems, the utilization of this Pol-Ⅱ-mediated miRNA generation can be safe both in vitro and in vivo without the cytotoxic effects of dsRNAs and siRNAs [15] . These findings indicate that miRNA mediated RNAi can be used as a tool for gene-specific therapeutics against viral infections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of hepatitis B virus gene expression and replication by artificial microRNA

Gao¹,

Yu²,

Wei³

et al. 2008

WJG

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0.01 for all). In the cells with stable transfection, the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg into the supernatant was significantly inhibited in all three transfection groups (P < 0.01 for all, vs negative control). The copies of HBV DNA were inhibited by 33.4% ± 3.0%, 60.8% ± 2.3% and 70.1% ± 3.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In HepG2.2.15 cells, HBV replication and expression could be inhibited by artificial microRNA targeting the HBV S coding region. Vector-based artificial microRNA could be a promising therapeutic approach for chronic HBV infection. INTRODUCTIONRNA interference (RNAi) has become a new promising approach to develop effective antiviral drugs in recent years, including hepatitis C vir us (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), poliovirus and hepatitis B vir us (HBV) [1][2][3] . For HBV, RNAi was shown to have impressive inhibitory effects against viral gene transcription and expression [4][5][6][7] . One recent study further demonstrated the viral clearance from the liver of transgenic mice by RNAi targeted HBV [8] , which sheds light on the use of RNAi in HBV gene therapy.HBV replication and gene expression can be strongly inhibited with virus specific siRNA treatment. However, the high sequence specificity of siRNAs, combined with prolonged treatment, promoted the emergence of siRNA-resistant virus variants. Selection of RNAi RESULTS:The efficiency of transient transfection of the vectors into 2.2.15 cells was 55%-60%. All the vectors had significant inhibition effects on HBsAg and HBeAg at 72 h and 96 h after transfection (P < 0.01 for all). The secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg into the supernatant was inhibited by 49.8% ± 4.7% and 39.9% ± 6.7%, respectively, at 72 h in amiRNA-HBV-S608 plasmid transfection group. The copy of HBV DNA within culture supernatant was also significantly decreased at 72 h and 96 h after transfection (P < escape mutants has been reported in vitro for HIV, HCV and HBV [9][10][11] . These findings indicate that the antiviral properties of specific siRNAs targeted virus are not as effective as expected.RNAi can be triggered by small RNA molecules such as siRNA and microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs endogenously expressed small ssRNA sequences of about 22 nucleotides in length, which naturally direct gene silencing through components shared with the RNAi pathway [12] . The mature miRNAs regulate gene expression by mRNA cleavage or translational repression [13,14] . Compared with siRNA, miRNA still can play a translational repression role when miRNAs partially complement with the target gene. Because of the flexibility of miRNA in binding with partially complementary mRNA targets, miRNA can serve as an anti-virus drug or vaccine to achieve a breakthrough in the treatment of virus mutation. Moreover, since miRNAs are single-stranded molecules insensitive to interferon systems, the utilization of this Pol-Ⅱ-mediated miRNA generation can be safe both in vitro and in vivo without the cytotoxic effects of dsRNAs and siRNAs [15] . These findings indicate that miRNA mediated RNAi can be used...

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Current perspectives in intronic micro RNAs (miRNAs)

Cited by 76 publications

References 50 publications

Energizing miRNA research: A review of the role of miRNAs in lipid metabolism, with a prediction that miR-103/107 regulates human metabolic pathways

Energizing miRNA research: A review of the role of miRNAs in lipid metabolism, with a prediction that miR-103/107 regulates human metabolic pathways

Differential expression of miRNAs related to caste differentiation in the honey bee, Apis mellifera

Inhibition of hepatitis B virus gene expression and replication by artificial microRNA

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